python getopt详解与简单实例

作者:袖梨 2022-11-14

python getopt详解

函数原型:

getopt.getopt(args, shortopts, longopts=[])

参数解释:

  • args:args为需要解析的参数列表。一般使用sys.argv[1:],这样可以过滤掉第一个参数(ps:第一个参数是脚本的名称,它不应该作为参数进行解析)
  • shortopts:简写参数列表
  • longopts:长参数列表

返回值:

  • opts:分析出的(option, value)列表对。
  • args:不属于格式信息的剩余命令行参数列表。

源码分析

在Android生成OTA的build系统中,common.py文件中的ParseOptions函数就是用来解析输入参数的,我们来通过该函数的实现来分析一下getopt的使用。

函数源码如下:

defParseOptions(argv, docstring, extra_opts="", extra_long_opts=(), extra_option_handler=None):
try:
opts, args=getopt.getopt(
argv,"hvp:s:x"+extra_opts,
["help","verbose","path=","signapk_path=","extra_signapk_args=","java_path=","public_key_suffix=","private_key_suffix=","device_specific=","extra="]+list(extra_long_opts))
exceptgetopt.GetoptError, err:
Usage(docstring)
print"**",str(err),"**"
sys.exit(2)
path_specified=False
foro, ainopts:
ifoin("-h","--help"):
Usage(docstring)
sys.exit()
elifoin("-v","--verbose"):
OPTIONS.verbose=True
elifoin("-p","--path"):
OPTIONS.search_path=a
elifoin("--signapk_path",):
OPTIONS.signapk_path=a
elifoin("--extra_singapk_args",):
OPTIONS.extra_signapk_args=shlex.split(a)
elifoin("--java_path",):
OPTIONS.java_path=a
else:
ifextra_option_handlerisNoneornotextra_option_handler(o, a):
assertFalse,"unknown option "%s""%(o,)
os.environ["PATH"]=(os.path.join(OPTIONS.search_path,"bin")+os.pathsep+os.environ["PATH"])
returnargs

其中,extra_option_handler可以理解为函数指针,它的功能也是解析opts的键值对。

extra_option_handler源码如下:

defoption_handler(o, a):
ifoin("-b","--board_config"):
pass # deprecated
elifoin("-k","--package_key"):
OPTIONS.package_key=a
elifoin("-i","--incremental_from"):
OPTIONS.incremental_source=a
elifoin("-w","--wipe_user_data"):
OPTIONS.wipe_user_data=True
elifoin("-n","--no_prereq"):
OPTIONS.omit_prereq=True
elifoin("-e","--extra_script"):
OPTIONS.extra_script=a
elifoin("-a","--aslr_mode"):
ifain("on","On","true","True","yes","Yes"):
OPTIONS.aslr_mode=True
else:
OPTIONS.aslr_mode=False
elifoin("--worker_threads"):
OPTIONS.worker_threads=int(a)
else:
returnFalse
returnTrue

一般生成OAT全量包的参数argv如下:

argv=['-v','-p','out/host/linux-xxx','-k','build/target/product/security/testkey',
'out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip',
'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

首先,对参数进行分析,其中短参数包括:

-v,-p,-k,

经过解析后,生成的结果如下所示:

opts=[('-v', ''), ('-p', 'out/host/linux-x86'),
('-k','build/target/product/security/testkey')]
args=['out/target/product/xxx/obj/PACKAGING/target_files_intermediates/xxx-target_files.zip',
'out/target/product/xxx/xxx_20150723.1340-ota.zip']

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