CentOS6.5_64下 nginx+uwsgi+Python +多站点环境搭建 python web django 框架
nginx+uwsgi+Python环境介绍：
系统：CentOS6.5_64_mini
nginx版本：nginx-1.6.0
python版本：Python2.7.8
第一部分系统设置
1：查看系统内核
# uname -r
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
2：更新内核
# yum -y install kernel
3：重启系统
# reboot
4：重启后查看是否启用新内核
# uname -r
2.6.32-431.20.5.el6.x86_64
5：可以删除老内核节约空间呵呵
# rpm -q kernel
kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
kernel-2.6.32-431.20.5.el6.x86_64
# rpm -e kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
6：删除mysql
# rpm -qa|grep mysql
# rpm -e --allmatches --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
第二部分安装安装nginx
1：安装Nginx所需的库：
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel wget
2.创建/main/soft文件夹
# mkdir /yunwei8/soft
# cd /yunwei8/soft
3：下载所需的安装包至soft文件夹下
# wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
# wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
# wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
# wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/Python-2.7.8.tar.gz
4：安装Nginx所需的pcre库
解压并安装
# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
# cd pcre-8.35/
# ./configure
# make && make install
# cd ../
5：创建www用户和组，创建www虚拟主机使用的目录，以及Nginx使用的日志目录，并且赋予他们适当的权限
# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
# /usr/sbin/useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g www www
# mkdir -p /yunwei8/web/www
# chmod 777 /yunwei8/web/www
# chown -R www:www /yunwei8/web/www
# chmod g+s /yunwei8/web/www
# mkdir -p /yunwei8/web/logs
# chmod +w /yunwei8/web/logs
# chown -R www:www /yunwei8/web/logs
6：安装nginx
解压并安装
# cd /yunwei8/soft
# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.6.0
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/yunwei8/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-pcre=../pcre-8.35 --with-pcre-jit
# make && make install
7：修改 nginx.conf配置文件
# vi /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
修改前面几行为：
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /yunwei8/web/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
测试
# /yunwei8/server/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果显示下面信息，即表示配置没问题
nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
输入代码运行nginx服务
# /yunwei8/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
查看nginx进程
# ps aux|grep [n]ginx
root 10603 0.0 0.1 42996 1128 ? Ss 04:06 0:00 nginx: master process /yunwei8/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 10604 0.2 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10605 0.2 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10606 0.1 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10607 0.3 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10608 0.2 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10609 0.2 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10610 0.2 2.8 70132 28512 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 10611 0.2 2.8 70132 28496 ? S 04:06 0:00 nginx: worker process
显以类似上面的信息，即表示nginx已经启动
8：编写nginx 启动服务
# vi /etc/init.d/nginx
输入以下代码并保存
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /yunwei8/server/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/yunwei8/server/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
保存后，设置权限并添加到启动服务列表中
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
# service nginx start
测试脚本
# service nginx restart
9：防火墙设置
端口开放
# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
然后保存：
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
第三部分安装Python及相应环境
1：安装Python2.7.8所需要的库
# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel
2：安装Python2.7.8
# cd /yunwei8/soft
# xz -d Python-2.7.8.tar.xz
# tar xvf Python-2.7.8.tar
# cd Python-2.7.8
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make altinstall
3：安装完毕后可是使用如下命令进入python2.7的环境
# python2.7
退出指令有点特别，如下
# exit()
4：安装Python包管理
4.1：安装distribute-0.6.49
# cd /yunwei8/soft/
# tar zxvf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
# cd distribute-0.6.49
# python2.7 setup.py install
# easy_install --version
4.2：安装pip包，安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall管理Python包，easy_install没有这个功能，只有uninstall
# easy_install pip
# pip --version
5：安装uwsgi
5.1：安装uwsgi
# pip install uwsgi
5.2：增加软连接防止报错
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64/
5.3查看版本
# uwsgi --version
5.4：测试uwsgi是否正常
# cd /yunwei8/web/www/
# vi yunwei8.py
复制如下代码保存并退出
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return "Hello World"
赋予相应权限
# chmod 755 yunwei8.py
关闭防火墙
# service iptables stop
启动uwsgi
# uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file yunwei8.py
在浏览器内输入：http://你的IP地址:8001，看是否有“Hello World”输出，若没有输出，请检查你的安装过程
6：安装django
6.1：安装django
# pip install django
6.2：测试django是否正常运行
# cd /yunwei8/web/www
# django-admin.py startproject test1
# cd test1
# python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002
在浏览器内输入：http://你的IP地址:8002
It worked!
Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.
7：配置uwsgi
7.1uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式，但个人感觉ini更方便：
在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini，添加如下配置：
# vi /etc/uwsgi9090.ini
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true #主进程
vhost = true #多站模式
no-stie = true #多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2 #子进程数
reload-mercy = 10
vacuum = true #退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000
limit-as = 512
buffer-sizi = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid #pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /yunwei8/web/logs/uwsgi9090.log
7.2设置uwsgi开机启动，在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件，并复制如下内容：
# vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi9090
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: uwsgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description: starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
# Author: licess
# website: http://lnmp.org
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="uwsgi daemon"
NAME=uwsgi9090
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
do_start() {
$DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}
do_stop() {
$DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
rm -f $PIDFILE
echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
}
do_reload() {
$DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}
do_status() {
ps aux|grep $DAEMON
}
case "$1" in
status)
echo -en "Status $NAME: n"
do_status
;;
start)
echo -en "Starting $NAME: n"
do_start
;;
stop)
echo -en "Stopping $NAME: n"
do_stop
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -en "Reloading $NAME: n"
do_reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
7.3添加服务并设置开机启动
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/uwsgi9090
# chkconfig --add uwsgi9090
# chkconfig uwsgi9090 on
8：配置nginx
# rm -rf /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# vi /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /yunwei8/web/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; #必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT test1.wsgi; #入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /yunwei8/web/www/test1; #项目根目录
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
9：测试启动uwsgi并重启nginx
# service uwsgi9090 start
# service nginx restart
10：开启防火墙
# service iptables start
11：访问测试
在浏览器内输入：http://你的IP地址
It worked!
Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.
12：多站配置
我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点
12.1配置uwsgi
在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9091.ini
# vi /etc/uwsgi9091.ini
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9091
master = true
vhost = true
no-stie = true
workers = 2
reload-mercy = 10
vacuum = true
max-requests = 1000
limit-as = 512
buffer-sizi = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.pid
daemonize = /yunwei8/web/logs/uwsgi9091.log
12.2设置uwsgi开机启动，在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9091文件，并复制如下内容：
# vi /etc/init.d/uwsgi9091
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: uwsgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description: starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
# Author: licess
# website: http://lnmp.org
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="uwsgi daemon"
NAME=uwsgi9091
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
do_start() {
$DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}
do_stop() {
$DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
rm -f $PIDFILE
echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
}
do_reload() {
$DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}
do_status() {
ps aux|grep $DAEMON
}
case "$1" in
status)
echo -en "Status $NAME: n"
do_status
;;
start)
echo -en "Starting $NAME: n"
do_start
;;
stop)
echo -en "Stopping $NAME: n"
do_stop
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -en "Reloading $NAME: n"
do_reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
12.3添加服务并设置开机启动
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/uwsgi9091
# chkconfig --add uwsgi9091
# chkconfig uwsgi9091 on
12.4使用django增加一个test2
# cd /yunwei8/web/www
# django-admin.py startproject test2
12.5然后修改nginx的配置文件为：
# rm -rf /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# vi /yunwei8/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /yunwei8/web/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name test1.yunwei8.com;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT test1.wsgi;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /yunwei8/web/www/test1;
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name test2.yunwei8.com;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9091;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT test2.wsgi;
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /yunwei8/web/www/test2;
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
12.6重启nginx
# service uwsgi9090 start
# service nginx restart
13：访问测试
首先在本地计算机中C:WindowsSystem32driversetc目录下Host文件下添加网址：
192.168.100.11 test1.yunwei8.com
192.168.100.11 test2.yunwei8.com
在浏览器内输入：http://test1.yunwei8.com、http://test2.yunwei8.com
It worked!
Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.
14：安装Mysqldb
# yum -y install mysql-devel
# easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python
