Redis 安装及主从配置的步骤详解

　　Redis是一个开源、支持网络、基于内存、键值对存储数据库。与其他非关系型数据库主要不同在于，Redis中值的类型不仅限于字符串（Strings），还支持如下抽象数据类型：(列表)Lists、（集合）Sets、（有序集合）Sorted sets 、（哈希）Hashes。Redis 通过 RDB、AOF 两种方式来实现数据的持久化。
 
安装Redis
 
Redis 源码包保存路径 /usr/local/src
 
Redis 软件安装路径 /usr/local/redis
 
编译 Redis 前先安装 tcl，若不安装，在 make test 阶段会提示错误。
 [root@z-dig ~]# yum -q -y install tcl
 [root@z-dig ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@z-dig src]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.5.tar.gz
 [root@z-dig src]# tar xf redis-3.0.5.tar.gz
[root@z-dig src]# cd redis-3.0.5
[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make
[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make test
...
o/ All tests passed without errors!

Cleanup: may take some time... OK
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/redis-3.0.5/src'
[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis-3.0.5 install
 [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# mkdir /usr/local/redis-3.0.5/conf -p
[root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# ln -s /usr/local/redis-3.0.5/ /usr/local/redis
 [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/
 [root@z-dig redis-3.0.5]# cd /usr/local/redis
[root@z-dig redis]# pwd
/usr/local/redis
[root@z-dig redis]# tree .
.
├── bin
│   ├── redis-benchmark
│   ├── redis-check-aof
│   ├── redis-check-dump
│   ├── redis-cli
│   └── redis-server
└── conf
    └── redis.conf

2 directories, 6 files
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
到此 Redis 已安装在 /usr/local/redis

　　修改配置文件
 
由于以下配置在某些配置项后添加了注释，所以不能直接使用，使用时需要把后面的注释删除。
 [root@z-dig redis]# grep -Ev '#|^$' conf/redis.conf
daemonize yes #run as a daemon
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid # pid file
port 6379 # server port
tcp-backlog 511 # < /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
bind 127.0.0.1 # bind network interface
timeout 0 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel warning # verbosity level
logfile "/var/log/redis.log"
databases 16 # number of databases begain with 0
save 900 1 # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
save 300 10 # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
save 60 10000 # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes # compress dump.rdb
rdbchecksum yes # check dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb # dump file name
dir ./ # dump file path
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
requirepass www.111com.net # password for redis when client connect to this server
appendonly no # use AOF or RDB
appendfilename "appendonly.aof" # AOF file name
appendfsync everysec # save frequency
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
调整内核参数
 [root@z-dig redis]# echo 512 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
 
启动 redis
 [root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
[root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379
COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
redis-ser 20504 root    4u  IPv4 139391      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN)
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
测试
 [root@z-dig redis]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli /usr/local/sbin/
[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net
127.0.0.1:6379> set name mr.zhou
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"mr.zhou"
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> help shutdown

  SHUTDOWN [NOSAVE] [SAVE]
  summary: Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server
  since: 1.0.0
  group: server

127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> shutdown save
not connected>
not connected> get name
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused
not connected>
not connected> quit
[root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379
[root@z-dig redis]#
[root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
[root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379
COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
redis-ser 20675 root    4u  IPv4 143036      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN)
[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net get name
"mr.zhou"
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
基础测试完成。根据实际环境进行配置调优。
 
多实例主从配置
 [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net shutdown save
[root@z-dig redis]# cp conf/redis.conf conf/redis-1.conf
[root@z-dig redis]# grep -Ev '#|^$' conf/redis-1.conf
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis-1.pid
port 16379
tcp-backlog 511
bind 127.0.0.1
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel warning
logfile "/var/log/redis-1.log"
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump-1.rdb
dir ./
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379
masterauth www.111com.net
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
requirepass www.111com.net
appendonly no
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
启动两个实例
 [root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
[root@z-dig redis]# /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis-1.conf
[root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:6379
COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
redis-ser 20930 root    4u  IPv4 145992      0t0  TCP localhost:6379 (LISTEN)
redis-ser 20930 root    5u  IPv4 146031      0t0  TCP localhost:6379->localhost:39445 (ESTABLISHED)
redis-ser 20938 root    5u  IPv4 146029      0t0  TCP localhost:39445->localhost:6379 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@z-dig redis]# lsof -i:16379
COMMAND     PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
redis-ser 20938 root    4u  IPv4 146024      0t0  TCP localhost:16379 (LISTEN)
[root@z-dig redis]#
 [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net get name
"mr.zhou"
[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.111com.net get name
"mr.zhou"
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
测试主从
 [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=127.0.0.1,port=16379,state=online,offset=337,lag=1
master_repl_offset:337
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:336
[root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.111com.net info replication
# Replication
role:slave
master_host:127.0.0.1
master_port:6379
master_link_status:up
master_last_io_seconds_ago:9
master_sync_in_progress:0
slave_repl_offset:351
slave_priority:100
slave_read_only:1
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0
[root@z-dig redis]#
 [root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.111com.net get age
(nil)
[root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.111com.net set age 23
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.
[root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net get age
(nil)
[root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a www.111com.net set age 23
OK
[root@z-dig redis]#

[root@z-dig redis]# redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 16379 -a www.111com.net get age
"23"
[root@z-dig redis]#
 
多实例主从已配置完成，并测试成功。配置过程中需要注意各实例的端口、PID文件、dump 文件不能相同。若配置了密码访问，则应注意从实例中进行相应的密码配置。从库是否只读等。
 
配置文件中还有很多高级配置项，可以进行调优配置，并组成Redis集群。RDB、AOF可根据实际的情况进行配置。后期会进行介绍。