CentOS中nginx负载均衡和反向代理的搭建

1: 修改centos命令行启动（减少内存占用）：
vim /etc/inittab     id:5:initdefault:  --> 修改5为3 
若要界面启动使用 startx
2：安装jdk
1)解压：jdk-7u55-linux-i586.tar.gz
       [root@localhost jdk]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u55-linux-i586.tar.gz
2)复制：[root@localhost jdk]# cp -rf jdk1.7.0_55/ /usr/local/jdk
3)配置环境；[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/profile
  最后面插入：export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.7.0_79
            export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
4)刷新配置文件：source /etc/profile

    验证：java   javac
3：安装tomcat
    1)解压：tar -zxvf
    2)授权：chmod u+x/usr/local/tomcats/tomcat1/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/bin
    3)启动：进入tomcat目录bin 目录后： ./startup.sh
    4)开放端口：vim  /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    5)关闭防火墙：chkconfig iptables off
    6)重启防火墙： service iptables restart
    7)修改端口号：vim conf/server.xml
    8)查看进程：ps aux | grep tomcat
4：安装nginx
    1)安装环境： 
              yum -y install gcc-c++
              yum -y install pcre pcre-devel
              yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
              yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

    2)解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
    3)移动： mv  nginx-1.8.0 /usr/local/nginx/
    4)创建临时目录：var]# mkdir -p temp/nginx
    5)进入目录：cd nginx-1.8.0/ 
    6)修改参数：
            ./configure
            --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
            --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid
            --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock
            --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
            --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
            --with-http_gzip_static_module
            --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client
            --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy
            --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi
            --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi
            --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi

    7)编译安装：
        make
        make install

    8)启动: cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
         ./nginx
    9)查看进程：ps aux | grep nginx
    10)快速停止：./nginx -s stop
    11)完整停止：./nginx  -s quit  此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。推荐使用
    12)重启: ./nginx -s quit
            ./nginx 
    13)重新加载配置文件： ./nginx -s reload
5:配置虚拟主机：
    1、nginx支持的三种虚拟主机的配置：
            基于ip的虚拟主机
            基于域名的虚拟主机
            基于端口的虚拟主机

    2、nginx配置文件的结构: 每个service就是一个虚拟主机
......
            events{
                ......
            }

            http{
                .......
                server{
                    ......
                }

                server{
                    ......
                }
            }

    3、基于ip的虚拟主机配置：
        修改配置文件： vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf
 server{
                listen 80;
                server_name 192.168.31.88;

                location / {
                    root html;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }
    4、基于域名的虚拟主机配置：
        修改配置文件：vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf
server{
                listen 80;
                server_name www.nginxdns1.com;

                location / {
                    root html_dns1;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

            server{
                listen 80;
                server_name www.nginxdns2.com;

                location / {
                    root html_dns2;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

    5、基于端口的虚拟主机配置:
        修改配置文件：vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.8.0/conf/nginx.conf

        监听端口：netstat -an | grep 80
           server{
                listen 88;
                server_name 192.168.31.88;

                location / {
                    root html_port1;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

            server{
                listen 89;
                server_name 192.168.31.88;

                location / {
                    root html_port2;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

6、nginx 反向代理：
修改hosts：# nginx反向代理环境测试
            192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy1.com
            192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy2.com

开启不同虚拟机中的两台tomcat：192.168.31.88：8080 和 192.168.31.89:8081
修改配置文件：
            #代理tomcat1服务器
            upstream  tomcat_server1{
                server  192.168.31.89:8081;
            }

            #代理tomcat2服务器
            upstream tomcat_server2{
                server 192.168.31.88:8080;
            }

            #配置虚拟主机：
            server{
                listen 80;
                server_name www.nginxproxy1.com;

                location / {
                    #root html_port1;

                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server1;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

            server{
                listen 80;
                server_name www.nginxproxy2.com;

                location / {
                    #root html_port2;
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server2;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

7、nginx 负载均衡：
    修改hosts :# nginx负载均衡环境测试
                 192.168.31.88 www.nginxbalance.com

    开启不同虚拟机中的两台tomcat：192.168.31.88：8080 和 192.168.31.89:8081
    修改配置文件：
            #代理tomcat2服务器
            upstream tomcat_server_pool{
                server 192.168.31.88:8080 weight=1;
                server 192.168.31.89:8081 weight=1;
            }

            #配置虚拟主机：
            server{
                listen 80;
                server_name www.nginxbalance.com;

                location / {
                    #root html_port1;

                    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server_pool;
                    index index.html index.htm;
                }
            }

hosts文件配置：

1:nginx基于域名环境测试
192.168.31.88 www.nginxdns1.com
192.168.31.88 www.nginxdns2.com

2:nginx反向代理环境测试
192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy1.com
192.168.31.88 www.nginxproxy2.com

3:nginx负载均衡环境测试
192.168.31.88 www.nginxbalance.com