CentOS7安装配置Oracle11g 步骤详解
1. 操作系统环境、安装包准备
宿主机：Max OSX 10.10.5
虚拟机：Parallel Desktop 10.1.1
虚拟机操作系统：CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
Oracle：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
JDK：jdk1.8.0_77.zip
2. 安装CentOS7虚拟机
2.1 新建虚拟机
CPU：2核
内存：4G
硬盘：60G，扩展磁盘
2.2 安装配置
安装语言：中文
软件选择： 带GUI的服务器
网络和主机名：打开虚拟机网络连接
安装位置：使用虚拟机自动分区方案
设置root密码：如root
添加用户账户和密码：如centos/centos
2.3 账户配置
使用centos账户登录后，打开终端，切换到root账户
su root
root
预先为centos、oracle账户添加免密码sudo权限
echo "centos ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
echo "oracle ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
允许账户使用弱密码
sed 's/^password requisite.*/password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type=/g' -i /etc/pam.d/system-auth
3. 安装Oracle11g
3.1 设置内核版本
echo redhat-7 > /etc/redhat-release
3.2 安装依赖包
yum install -y binutils compat-gcc* compat-glibc* compat-libcap1 compat-libstd* compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel*.i686 glibc-headers glibc.i686 glibc*.i686 ksh libaio libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel*.i686 libaio.i686 libaio*.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++*.i686 libXp make numactl sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 unixODBC*.i686
3.3 创建oracle用户及用户组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
oracle
3.4 设置内核参数
echo >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOM
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-ax = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
EOM
sysctl -p # 立即生效内核参数
3.5 设置oracle账户环境变量
echo >> /home/oracle/.bashrc << EOM
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # JDK home目录
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle # oracle安装目录
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11g # oracle home目录
ORACLE_SID=orcl # oracle实例名
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
EOM
3.6 设置PAM资源限制
echo >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOM
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
EOM
3.7 关闭SELinux
sed 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' -i /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0 # 立即生效
3.8 创建安装目录
mkdir -p /opt/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod 755 /opt/oracle
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory
chmod 755 /opt/oraInventory
3.9 准备安装包
通过移动设备将linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip和jdk1.8.0_77.zip拷贝到桌面，解压
mkdir -p /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/
tar xf jdk1.8.0_77.zip -C /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_77/ # 解压安装安装JDK
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -C /home/oracle
tar xf linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -C /home/oracle
chmod -R 700 /home/oracle/database # 只允许oracle账户访问
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/database
3.10 使用oracle账户启动安装
su oracle -c 'export LANG=C /home/oracle/database/runInstaller'
3.11 安装错误解决
（1）启动安装时报错java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:164)
at java.awt.Toolkit$2.run(Toolkit.java:821)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:804)
at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)
at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.
at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)
at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)
at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)
at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)
at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)
at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:114)
at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:132)
解决办法：
标准化图形安装配置
sudo yum install -y xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-apps
sudo xhosts + # 对所有账户开放XServer
检查设置是否生效
xclock
[Ctrl+C]
（2）链接错误/usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory
Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.
查看安装日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: crt1.o: No such file: No such file or directory
INFO: collect2: ld ?? 1
INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] ?? 1
INFO: End output from spawned process.
解决办法：
安装glibc-devel的32位包
yumdownloader glibc-devel
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686.rpm
rm -f glibc-devel-2.17-*.rpm
重试
（3）链接错误/lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to memcpy@GLIBC_2.14
Error in invoking target ‘install’ of makefile ‘/opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk’. See ‘/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log’ for details.
查看安装日志/opt/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-07_02-58-49AM.log
INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1
INFO: End output from spawned process.
解决办法：
if [[ ! -f /usr/lib64/libc.a ]]; then yum -y install glibc-static; fi
sed 's/.*$(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)$/-static /usr/lib64/libc.a $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk
重试
（4）链接错误ins_emagent.mk 'agent nmhs'
Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'
解决办法：
sed 's/$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)$/$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11/g' -i /opt/oracle/11g/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
重试
（5）netca无法启动
/u01/Oracle/bin/netca: line 178: 11819 Aborted $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $*
解决办法：
cat > /etc/sysconfig/network << EOM
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=hotDB11g
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
EOM
echo '127.0.0.1 hotDB11g' /etc/hosts
hostname hotDB11g
4. 测试
启动服务
su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'
连接查询所有数据库
su - oracle -c 'sqlplus / as sysdba'
SQL> statup
SQL> select name from v$database;
