浅析MySQL显式类型转换
作者：袖梨
2022-06-29
CAST 函数
在之前的文章中，我们提到过CAST函数，用于显示进行类型转换。在避免隐式类型转换时，好处多多。其实这里面还有很多细节，是需要梳理下的。
首先来看看下面这个转换:
mysql> SELECT CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE);
+----------------------------+
| CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE) |
+----------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
其中:
2017-12-14 是待转换的数据。
DATE为转换后的类型。
标准语法是这样的:
CAST(expr AS type)
这里需要注意的是type类型不支持所有的数据类型，而是支持特定的数据类型，也是今天这篇文章的重点。(我就吃过这个亏，想当然的以为支持所有数据类型，结果就被打脸了) 。
不支持的报错:
mysql> SELECT CAST('1024' AS int);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'int)' at line 1
支持的类型
下面是CAST函数支持转换的数据类型列表：
| 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|
| DATE | YYYY-MM-DD |
| DATETIME | YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss |
| TIME | HH:mm:ss |
| DECIMAL | 通常用于带小数位 |
| CHAR | 固定长度字符串 |
| NCHAR | 类型于CHAR一致 |
| SIGNED | 一个有符号的64整数位 |
| UNSIGNED | 一个无符号的64整数位 |
| BINARY | 二进制字符串 |
| JSON | MySQL 5.7.8 及更高版本 |
注意:
其中DATE支持的范围是: 1000-01-01 至 9999-12-31，(实验版本为:)
如果为: 999-01-01 结果则会0999-01-01。
如果为: 01-01-01则会为:2001-01-01。
mysql> select cast('999-11-11' as DATE);
+---------------------------+
| cast('999-11-11' as DATE) |
+---------------------------+
| 0999-11-11 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select cast('01-11-11' as DATE);
+--------------------------+
| cast('01-11-11' as DATE) |
+--------------------------+
| 2001-11-11 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.7.20 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2. CAST函数中expr的值可以转换为type，其转换的结果才正确，否则转换后的结果默认值，如Null，0等。
例如：一个Char类型转换为Demical类型，转换的结果就为0。
mysql> SELECT CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL);
+-----------------------------+
| CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL) |
+-----------------------------+
| 0 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
转换案例
这里给出一些常用的类型转换例子。
DATE 类型
mysql> select cast('2017-12-14' as DATE);
+----------------------------+
| cast('2017-12-14' as DATE) |
+----------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
TIME 类型
mysql> select cast('12:00:00' as TIME);
+--------------------------+
| cast('12:00:00' as TIME) |
+--------------------------+
| 12:00:00 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
DATETIM 类型
mysql> select cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME);
+-----------------------------------------+
| cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 00:11:11 |
+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
SIGNED类型
mysql> select cast('-1024' as SIGNED);
+-------------------------+
| cast('-1024' as SIGNED) |
+-------------------------+
| -1024 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
UNSIGNED类型
mysql> select cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED);
+---------------------------+
| cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED) |
+---------------------------+
| 18446744073709550592 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
DECIMAL类型
mysql> select cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2));
+--------------------------------+
| cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2)) |
+--------------------------------+
| 18.11 |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
