Android LinearLayout实现自动换行效果
作者：袖梨
2022-06-25
在我们开发过程中会经常遇见一些客户要求但是Android系统又不提供的效果，这时我们只能自己动手去实现它，或者从网络上借鉴他人的资源，本着用别人不如自己会做的心态，在此我总结了一下Android中如何实现自动换行的LinearLayout。
在本文中，说是LinearLayout其实是继承自GroupView，在这里主要重写了两个方法，onMeasure、onLayout方法，下面我对此加以介绍。（代码中使用了AttributeSet，由于时间问题不再予以介绍）。
1. onMeasure是干什么的？
在ViewGroup的创建过程中，onMeasure是在onLayout之前的，所以在此先对onMeasure进行介绍，onMeasure方法是计算子控件与父控件在屏幕中所占长宽大小的，onMeasure传入两个参数——widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec. 这两个参数指明控件可获得的空间以及关于这个空间描述的元数据.
int withMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int withSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
Mode有3种模式分别是UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY和AT_MOST，如果是AT_MOST，Size代表的是最大可获得的空间；如果是EXACTLY，Size代表的是精确的尺寸；如果是UNSPECIFIED，就是你想要多少就有多少。经过代码测试就知道，当我们设置width或height为fill_parent时，容器在布局时调用子 view的measure方法传入的模式是EXACTLY，因为子view会占据剩余容器的空间，所以它大小是确定的。而当设置为 wrap_content时，容器传进去的是AT_MOST, 表示子view的大小最多是多少，这样子view会根据这个上限来设置自己的尺寸。当子view的大小设置为精确值时，容器传入的是EXACTLY。
2. onLayout是干什么的？
与onMesaure相比，onLayout更加容易理解，它的作用就是调座位，就是把所有的子View根据不同的需要，通过View. layout(int l, int t, int r, int b)方法指定它所在的位置。
3. 解决问题
只要对onMeasure和onLayout加以理解，对于该篇所要实现的功能就不再难以实现，下面贴上代码，并在代码中讲解。
WaroLinearLayout.java
public class WarpLinearLayout extends ViewGroup {
private Type mType;
private List mWarpLineGroup;
public WarpLinearLayout(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public WarpLinearLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, R.style.WarpLinearLayoutDefault);
}
public WarpLinearLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
mType = new Type(context, attrs);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int withMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int withSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int with = 0;
int ;
int childCount = getChildCount();
/**
* 在调用childView。getMeasre之前必须先调用该行代码，用于对子View大小的测量
*/
measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
/**
* 计算宽度
*/
switch (withMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
with = withSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
with += mType.horizontal_Space;
}
with += getChildAt(i).getMeasuredWidth();
}
with += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
with = with > withSize ? withSize : with;
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
with += mType.horizontal_Space;
}
with += getChildAt(i).getMeasuredWidth();
}
with += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
break;
default:
with = withSize;
break;
}
/**
* 根据计算出的宽度，计算出所需要的行数
*/
WarpLine warpLine = new WarpLine();
/**
* 不能够在定义属性时初始化，因为onMeasure方法会多次调用
*/
mWarpLineGroup = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
if (warpLine.lineWidth + getChildAt(i).getMeasuredWidth() + mType.horizontal_Space > with) {
if (warpLine.lineView.size() == 0) {
warpLine.addView(getChildAt(i));
mWarpLineGroup.add(warpLine);
warpLine = new WarpLine();
} else {
mWarpLineGroup.add(warpLine);
warpLine = new WarpLine();
warpLine.addView(getChildAt(i));
}
} else {
warpLine.addView(getChildAt(i));
}
}
/**
* 添加最后一行
*/
if (warpLine.lineView.size() > 0 && !mWarpLineGroup.contains(warpLine)) {
mWarpLineGroup.add(warpLine);
}
/**
* 计算宽度
*/
height = getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();
for (int i = 0; i < mWarpLineGroup.size(); i++) {
if (i != 0) {
height += mType.vertical_Space;
}
height += mWarpLineGroup.get(i).height;
}
switch (heightMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
height = heightSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
height = height > heightSize ? heightSize : height;
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
break;
default:
break;
}
setMeasuredDimension(with, height);
}
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
t = getPaddingTop();
for (int i = 0; i < mWarpLineGroup.size(); i++) {
int left = getPaddingLeft();
WarpLine warpLine = mWarpLineGroup.get(i);
int lastWidth = getMeasuredWidth() - warpLine.lineWidth;
for (int j = 0; j < warpLine.lineView.size(); j++) {
View view = warpLine.lineView.get(j);
if (isFull()) {//需要充满当前行时
view.layout(left, t, left + view.getMeasuredWidth() + lastWidth / warpLine.lineView.size(), t + view.getMeasuredHeight());
left += view.getMeasuredWidth() + mType.horizontal_Space + lastWidth / warpLine.lineView.size();
} else {
switch (getGrivate()) {
case 0://右对齐
view.layout(left + lastWidth, t, left + lastWidth + view.getMeasuredWidth(), t + view.getMeasuredHeight());
break;
case 2://居中对齐
view.layout(left + lastWidth / 2, t, left + lastWidth / 2 + view.getMeasuredWidth(), t + view.getMeasuredHeight());
break;
default://左对齐
view.layout(left, t, left + view.getMeasuredWidth(), t + view.getMeasuredHeight());
break;
}
left += view.getMeasuredWidth() + mType.horizontal_Space;
}
}
t += warpLine.height + mType.vertical_Space;
}
}
/**
* 用于存放一行子View
*/
private final class WarpLine {
private List lineView = new ArrayList();
/**
* 当前行中所需要占用的宽度
*/
private int lineWidth = getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
/**
* 该行View中所需要占用的最大高度
*/
private int ;
private void addView(View view) {
if (lineView.size() != 0) {
lineWidth += mType.horizontal_Space;
}
height = height > view.getMeasuredHeight() ? height : view.getMeasuredHeight();
lineWidth += view.getMeasuredWidth();
lineView.add(view);
}
}
/**
* 对样式的初始化
*/
private final static class Type {
/*
*对齐方式 right 0，left 1，center 2
*/
private int grivate;
/**
* 水平间距,单位px
*/
private float horizontal_Space;
/**
* 垂直间距,单位px
*/
private float vertical_Space;
/**
* 是否自动填满
*/
private boolean isFull;
Type(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
if (attrs == null) {
return;
}
TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.WarpLinearLayout);
grivate = typedArray.getInt(R.styleable.WarpLinearLayout_grivate, grivate);
horizontal_Space = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.WarpLinearLayout_horizontal_Space, horizontal_Space);
vertical_Space = typedArray.getDimension(R.styleable.WarpLinearLayout_vertical_Space, vertical_Space);
isFull = typedArray.getBoolean(R.styleable.WarpLinearLayout_isFull, isFull);
}
}
public int getGrivate() {
return mType.grivate;
}
public float getHorizontal_Space() {
return mType.horizontal_Space;
}
public float getVertical_Space() {
return mType.vertical_Space;
}
public boolean isFull() {
return mType.isFull;
}
public void setGrivate(int grivate) {
mType.grivate = grivate;
}
public void setHorizontal_Space(float horizontal_Space) {
mType.horizontal_Space = horizontal_Space;
}
public void setVertical_Space(float vertical_Space) {
mType.vertical_Space = vertical_Space;
}
public void setIsFull(boolean isFull) {
mType.isFull = isFull;
}
/**
* 每行子View的对齐方式
*/
public final static class Gravite {
public final static int RIGHT = 0;
public final static int LEFT = 1;
public final static int CENTER = 2;
}
}
attrs.xml
WarpLinearLayoutDefault
MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button btn;
private WarpLinearLayout warpLinearLayout;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
warpLinearLayout = (WarpLinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.warpLinearLayout);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int n = new Random().nextInt(10) + 5;
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
Random random = new Random();
Log.i("WarpLinearLayout","n="+n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
stringBuffer.append((char)(65+random.nextInt(26)));
Log.i("WarpLinearLayout", "StringBuffer=" + stringBuffer.toString());
}
TextView tv = new TextView(MainActivity.this);
tv.setText(stringBuffer.toString()+"000");
tv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.radius_backgroup_yellow);
tv.setPadding(10,10,10,10);
warpLinearLayout.addView(tv);
}
});
}
}
activity_main.xml
运行效果图如下：
