使用Hangfire+.NET 6实现定时任务管理(推荐)

作者：袖梨 2026-09-16

这篇文章主要介绍了使用Hangfire+.NET 6实现定时任务管理,通过引入Hangfire相关的Nuget包并对Hangfire进行服务配置，本文给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下

引入Nuget包和配置

引入Hangfire相关的Nuget包：

Hangfire.AspNetCoreHangfire.MemoryStorageHangfire.Dashboard.Basic.Authentication

并对Hangfire进行服务配置：

builder.Services.AddHangfire(c =>{// 使用内存数据库演示，在实际使用中，会配置对应数据库连接，要保证该数据库要存在c.UseMemoryStorage();});// Hangfire全局配置GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.UseColouredConsoleLogProvider().UseSerilogLogProvider().UseMemoryStorage().WithJobExpirationTimeout(TimeSpan.FromDays(7));// Hangfire服务器配置builder.Services.AddHangfireServer(options =>{options.HeartbeatInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);});

使用Hangfire中间件：

// 添加Hangfire Dashboardapp.UseHangfireDashboard();app.UseAuthorization();app.MapControllers();// 配置Hangfire Dashboard路径和权限控制app.MapHangfireDashboard("/hangfire", new DashboardOptions{AppPath = null,DashboardTitle = "Hangfire Dashboard Test",Authorization = new []{new HangfireCustomBasicAuthenticationFilter{User = app.Configuration.GetSection("HangfireCredentials:UserName").Value,Pass = app.Configuration.GetSection("HangfireCredentials:Password").Value}}});

对应的配置如下：

appsettings.json

"HangfireCredentials": {"UserName": "admin","Password": "admin@123"}

编写Job

Hangfire免费版本支持以下类型的定时任务：

周期性定时任务：Recurring Job执行单次任务：Fire and Forget连续顺序执行任务：Continouus Job定时单次任务：Schedule Job

Fire and Forget

这种类型的任务一般是在应用程序启动的时候执行一次结束后不再重复执行，最简单的配置方法是这样的：

using Hangfire;BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));

Continuous Job

这种类型的任务一般是进行顺序型的任务执行调度，比如先完成任务A，结束后执行任务B：

var jobId = BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));// Continuous Job, 通过指定上一个任务的Id来跟在上一个任务后执行BackgroundJob.ContinueJobWith(jobId, () => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!"));

Scehdule Job

这种类型的任务是用于在未来某个特定的时间点被激活运行的任务，也被叫做Delayed Job：

var jobId = BackgroundJob.Enqueue(() => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!"));// Continuous Job, 通过指定上一个任务的Id来跟在上一个任务后执行BackgroundJob.ContinueJobWith(jobId, () => Console.WriteLine("Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!"));

Recurring Job

这种类型的任务应该是我们最常使用的类型，使用Cron表达式来设定一个执行周期时间，每到设定时间就被激活执行一次。对于这种相对常见的场景，我们可以演示一下使用单独的类来封装任务逻辑：

IJob.cs

namespace HelloHangfire;public interface IJob{public Task<bool> RunJob();}

Job.cs

using Serilog;namespace HelloHangfire;public class Job : IJob{public async Task<bool> RunJob(){Log.Information($"start time: {DateTime.Now}");// 模拟任务执行await Task.Delay(1000);Log.Information("Hello world from Hangfire in Recurring mode!");Log.Information($"stop time: {DateTime.Now}");return true;}}

在Program.cs中使用Cron来注册任务：

builder.Services.AddTransient<IJob, Job>();// ...var app = builder.Build();// ...var JobService = app.Services.GetRequiredService<IJob>();// Recurring jobRecurringJob.AddOrUpdate("Run every minute", () => JobService.RunJob(), "* * * * *");

Run

控制台输出：

info: Hangfire.BackgroundJobServer[0] Starting Hangfire Server using job storage: 'Hangfire.MemoryStorage.MemoryStorage'info: Hangfire.BackgroundJobServer[0] Using the following options for Hangfire Server: Worker count: 20 Listening queues: 'default' Shutdown timeout: 00:00:15 Schedule polling interval: 00:00:15info: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0] Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f successfully announced in 11.1236 msinfo: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0] Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f is starting the registered dispatchers: ServerWatchdog, ServerJobCancellationWatcher, ExpirationManager, CountersAggregator, Worker, DelayedJobScheduler, RecurringJobScheduler...info: Hangfire.Server.BackgroundServerProcess[0] Server b8d0de54-caee-4c5e-86f5-e79a47fad51f all the dispatchers startedHello world from Hangfire with Fire and Forget job!Hello world from Hangfire using continuous job!info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14] Now listening on: https://*loca*lh*ost:7295info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[14] Now listening on: http://localh***ost:5121info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0] Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0] Hosting environment: Developmentinfo: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0] Content root path: /Users/yu.li1/Projects/asinta/Net6Demo/HelloHangfire/HelloHangfire/[16:56:14 INF] start time: 02/25/2022 16:56:14[16:57:14 INF] start time: 02/25/2022 16:57:14[16:57:34 INF] Hello world from Hangfire in Recurring mode![16:57:34 INF] stop time: 02/25/2022 16:57:34

通过配置的dashboard来查看所有的job运行的状况：

长时间运行任务的并发控制？？？

从上面的控制台日志可以看出来，使用Hangfire进行周期性任务触发的时候，如果执行时间大于执行的间隔周期，会产生任务的并发。如果我们不希望任务并发，可以在配置并发数量的时候配置成1，或者在任务内部去判断当前是否有相同的任务正在执行，如果有则停止继续执行。但是这样也无法避免由于执行时间过长导致的周期间隔不起作用的问题，比如我们希望不管在任务执行多久的情况下，前后两次激活都有一个固定的间隔时间，这样的实现方法我还没有试出来。有知道怎么做的小伙伴麻烦说一下经验。