本篇,在ASP.NET MVC4下实现单个图片上传,具体功能包括:
1、在客户端选择图片,并限制图片的大小和格式2、在客户端上传图片,并显示预览图3、在服务端限制图片的大小和格式4、在服务端保存图片时,把图片裁剪成某个固定尺寸本篇源码在:https://github.com/darrenji/FileUploadInMVC
实现的大致思路是:
客户端限制图片大小和格式,通过写一个jQuery插件来实现服务端实现图片裁剪,通过使用ImageSize组件来实现首先是一个用来承载上传信息的类:
public class UploadFileResult{//带后缀的名称,比如xxx.jpgpublic string FileName { get; set; }//图片的字节数public int Length { get; set; }//图片的类型:image/jpegpublic string Type { get; set; }public bool IsValid { get; set; }public string Message { get; set; }//图片的完整路径:~/AjaxUpload/20141112_large.jpgpublic string FilePath { get; set; }}
在HomeController中,需要提供一个接收前端上传文件并返回json格式的Action方法,还需要提供一个根据文件名删除图片的Action方法。
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using ImageResizer;using MvcApplication10.Models;namespace MvcApplication10.Controllers{public class HomeController : Controller{public ActionResult Index(){return View();}//接收上传图片[HttpPost]public ActionResult UploadFile(){//允许的图片格式var allowedExtensions = new[] { ".png", ".gif", ".jpg", ".jpeg" };//返回给前台的结果,最终以json返回List<UploadFileResult> results = new List<UploadFileResult>();//遍历从前台传递而来的文件foreach (string file in Request.Files){//把每个文件转换成HttpPostedFileBaseHttpPostedFileBase hpf = Request.Files[file] as HttpPostedFileBase;//如果前台传来的文件为null,继续遍历其它文件if (hpf.ContentLength == 0 || hpf == null){continue;}else{if (hpf.ContentLength > 1024*1024) //如果大于规定最大尺寸{results.Add(new UploadFileResult(){FileName = "",FilePath = "",IsValid = false,Length = hpf.ContentLength,Message = "图片尺寸不能超过1024KB",Type = hpf.ContentType});}else{var extension = Path.GetExtension(hpf.FileName);if (!allowedExtensions.Contains(extension))//如果文件的后缀名不包含在规定的后缀数组中{results.Add(new UploadFileResult(){FileName = "",FilePath = "",IsValid = false,Length = hpf.ContentLength,Message = "图片格式必须是png、gif、jpg或jpeg",Type = hpf.ContentType});}else{//给上传文件改名string date = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss");//目标文件夹的相对路径 ImageSize需要的格式string pathForSaving = Server.MapPath("~/AjaxUpload/");//目标文件夹的相对路径 统计文件夹大小需要的格式string pathForSaving1 = Server.MapPath("~/AjaxUpload");//在根目录下创建目标文件夹AjaxUploadif (this.CreateFolderIfNeeded(pathForSaving)){//保存小图var versions = new Dictionary<string, string>();versions.Add("_small", "maxwidth=400&maxheight=250&format=jpg");//versions.Add("_medium", "maxwidth=200&maxheight=200&format=jpg");//versions.Add("_large", "maxwidth=600&maxheight=600&format=jpg");//保存各个版本的缩略图foreach (var key in versions.Keys){hpf.InputStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);ImageBuilder.Current.Build(new ImageJob(hpf.InputStream,pathForSaving + date + key, //不带后缀名的图片名称new Instructions(versions[key]),false,//是否保留原图true));//是否增加后缀}results.Add(new UploadFileResult(){FileName = date + "_small" + ".jpg",FilePath = Url.Content(String.Format("~/AjaxUpload/{0}", date + "_small" + ".jpg")),IsValid = true,Length = hpf.ContentLength,Message = "上传成功",Type = hpf.ContentType});}}}}}return Json(new{filename = results[0].FileName,filepath=results[0].FilePath,isvalid=results[0].IsValid,length=results[0].Length,message=results[0].Message,type=results[0].Type});}//根据文件名删除文件[HttpPost]public ActionResult DeleteFileByName(string smallname){string pathForSaving = Server.MapPath("~/AjaxUpload");System.IO.File.Delete(Path.Combine(pathForSaving, smallname));return Json(new{msg = true});}//根据相对路径在项目根路径下创建文件夹private bool CreateFolderIfNeeded(string path){bool result = true;if (!Directory.Exists(path)){try{Directory.CreateDirectory(path);}catch (Exception){result = false;}}return result;}}}
在Home/Index.cshtml中,使用checkFileTypeAndSize.js插件来限制上传图片的大小和格式,使用FormData对象来接收图片文件并传递给服务端,客户端接收到服务端json数据动态创建表格行把预览图显示出来。
@{ViewBag.Title = "Index";Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";}<style type="text/css">#msg {color: red;}</style><form id="file_upload_form" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action=""><input name="file" id="file" size="27" type="file" /><img src="~/images/ajax-loader.gif" id="indicator" style="display: none;" /><br /><div id="imgArea"><table id="tbl"><tbody> </tbody></table></div><div><span id="msg"></span></div></form>@section scripts{<script src="~/Scripts/checkFileTypeAndSize.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">$(function() {$("#file").checkFileTypeAndSize({allowedExtensions: ['jpg','jpeg','gif','png'],maxSize: 1024, //最大允许1024KB,即1MBsuccess: function () {//显示进度提示$('#indicator').css("display", "block");//清空提示内容$('#msg').text('');if ($('#fn').text().length > 0) {//删除图片deleteImg();}//上传文件数据准备var fd = new FormData();fd.append('image', $('#file')[0].files[0]);$.ajax({url: '@Url.Action("UploadFile","Home")',type: "POST",data: fd,contentType: false,cache: false,processData: false,dataType: 'json',success: function (data) {//隐藏进度提示$('#indicator').css("display", "none");if (data.isvalid) {//$('#fileTemplate').tmpl(data).appendTo('#imgArea');createTableTr();$('#thumb').attr('src', data.filepath);$('#fn').text(data.filename);} else {$('#msg').text(data.message); }} });},extensionerror: function () {//alert('允许的格式为:jpg,jpeg,gif,png');$('#msg').text('允许的格式为:jpg,jpeg,gif,png');return;},sizeerror: function () {//alert('最大尺寸1024KB,即1MB');$('#msg').text('最大尺寸1024KB,即1MB');return;}});});//删除图片function deleteImg() {$.ajax({cache: false,url: '@Url.Action("DeleteFileByName", "Home")',type: "POST",data: { smallname: $('#fn').text() },success: function (data) {if (data.msg) {$('#fn').parent().parent().remove();}},error: function (jqXhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {alert("出错了 '" + jqXhr.status + "' (状态: '" + textStatus + "', 错误为: '" + errorThrown + "')");}});}//创建表格function createTableTr() {var table = $('#tbl');table.append("<tr><td><img id='thumb' /></td><td colspan='2'><span id='fn'></span></td></tr>");}</script>}