linux中fdisk分区命令使用详解

作者：袖梨 2022-11-14

在linux下，使用fdisk对硬盘分区：先删除原有分区，然后创建新的分区

1) 删除分区

代码如下 复制代码

[root@standby root]# fdisk /dev/sdc

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4425.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 751 4425 29519437+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 751 1000 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 1001 4425 27511281 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-6): 1

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-6): 2

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-6): 3

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-6): 4

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

2) 创建分区

代码如下 复制代码

[root@standby root]# fdisk /dev/sdc

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 4425.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-4425, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4425, default 4425): +500

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (502-4425, default 502):
Using default value 502
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (502-4425, default 4425): +2048M

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (752-4425, default 752):
Using default value 752
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (752-4425, default 4425): +2048000K

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1002-4425, default 1002):
Using default value 1002
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1002-4425, default 4425): +2048M

Command (m for help): n
You must delete some partition and add an extended partition first

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1002-4425, default 1002):
Using default value 1002
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1002-4425, default 4425):
Using default value 4425

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1002-4425, default 1002):
Using default value 1002
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1002-4425, default 4425): +2048M

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1252-4425, default 1252):
Using default value 1252
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1252-4425, default 4425): +2048M

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1502-4425, default 1502):
Using default value 1502
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1502-4425, default 4425):
Using default value 4425

Command (m for help): n
No free sectors available

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 36.4 GB, 36401479680 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4425 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 501 4024251 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 502 751 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 752 1001 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 1002 4425 27503280 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 1002 1251 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 1252 1501 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc7 1502 4425 23486998+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

分区建好后有两种方法：使用文件系统，使用裸设备

1) 使用文件系统

创建文件系统

代码如下 复制代码

[root@standby root]# mkdir /test
[root@standby root]# mkfs /dev/sdc3
mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
251392 inodes, 502031 blocks
25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15712 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

挂接文件系统

代码如下 复制代码
[root@standby root]# mount /dev/sdc3 /test

改权限

代码如下 复制代码

[root@standby root]# ls -ltr /test
total 16
drwx———— 2 root root 16384 Jun 20 21:51 lost+found

[root@standby root]# chown -R oracle.dba /test
[root@standby root]# chmod 755 /test

[root@standby root]# ls -ltr /test
total 16
drwx———— 2 oracle dba 16384 Jun 20 21:51 lost+found

创建表空间

代码如下 复制代码

SQL> create tablespace chen
2 datafile ‘/test/chen.dbf’ size 10M;

Tablespace created.

向表空间增加数据文件

代码如下 复制代码

SQL> alter tablespace chen
2 add datafile ‘/test/chen2.dbf’ size 10M;

Tablespace altered.

可以看到表空间chen的大小是20m了

代码如下 复制代码

SQL> select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
2 from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
3 where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
4 group by t.tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME TS_SIZE
———————————————————————————————————————— ——————-
CHEN 20
EYGLE 10
SYSTEM 250
UNDOTBS1 200
USERS 25

2) 使用裸设备

可以看到已有的绑定

代码如下 复制代码
[root@standby root]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 18
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 19
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 20
/dev/raw/raw5: bound to major 8, minor 34

绑定裸设备

代码如下 复制代码

[root@standby test]# raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw6: bound to major 8, minor 33

ditional information: 1

改权限

代码如下 复制代码
[root@standby root]# chown -R oracle.dba /dev/raw
[root@standby root]# chmod 755 /dev/raw

创建表空间

代码如下 复制代码

SQL> create tablespace jin
2 datafile ‘/dev/raw/raw6′ size 10M;

Tablespace created


指令：fdisk

用途：观察硬盘之实体使用情形与分割硬盘用。

使用方法：

　　　　　　一、在 console 上输入 fdisk -l /dev/sda ，观察硬盘之实体使用情形。

　　　　　　二、在 console 上输入 fdisk /dev/sda，可进入分割硬盘模式。

　　　　　　　　1. 输入 m 显示所有命令列示。

　　　　　　　　2. 输入 p 显示硬盘分割情形。

　　　　　　　　3. 输入 a 设定硬盘启动区。

　　　　　　　　4. 输入 n 设定新的硬盘分割区。

　　　　　　　　　4.1. 输入 e 硬盘为[延伸]分割区(extend)。

　　　　　　　　　4.2. 输入 p 硬盘为[主要]分割区(primary)。

　　　　　　　　5. 输入 t 改变硬盘分割区属性。

　　　　　　　　6. 输入 d 删除硬盘分割区属性。

　　　　　　　　7. 输入 q 结束不存入硬盘分割区属性。

　　　　　　　　8. 输入 w 结束并写入硬盘分割区属性

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