Linux中Oracle数据库备份方法

expdp xx(要导出表所在的数据库用户名)/xx(密码)@数据库实例名 directory=bak_dir dumpfile=expdb_xx.dmp logfile=expdb_xxlog tables=表名

alter table A disable all triggers;

commit;

alter table A enable all triggers;

commit;

1.--创建数据表空间
2.create tablespace test_data
3.logging
4.datafile '/u01/app/oradata/test/TEST.dbf'
5.size 32m
6.autoextend on
7.next 32m maxsize 2048m
8.extent management local;
9.
10.--创建用户并指定表空间
11.create user TEST identified by 123
12.default tablespace test_data
13.temporary tablespace temp;
14.
15.--给用户授予权限
16.grant connect,resource to TEST;

1.create table t1(
2.       Id varchar(50) primary key,
3.       title varchar(50)
4.);
5.
6.insert into t1 values(sys_guid(),'t1');
7.insert into t1 values(sys_guid(),'t2');
8.commit;

1.export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app
2.export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle
3.export ORACLE_SID=TEST
4.export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
5.d=$(date '+%Y%m%d')
6.exp TEST/123@TEST file=/home/oracle/backup/$d.dmp log=/home/oracle/backup/$d.log owner=TEST
7.zip -m /home/oracle/backup/$d.zip /home/oracle/backup/$d.dmp /home/oracle/backup/$d.log

1.chmod +x backup.sh 

1.[oracle@localhost backup]$ crontab -e
2.42 13 * * * /home/oracle/backup/backup.sh 这样就添加了一个计划，在每天的13点42分运行/home/oracle/backup/backup.sh。

--创建本地管理路径

mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export-
 

mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup
mkdir -p /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts

--创建rman表空间和rman用户

create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024M;
create user rman_dlp identified by dlp default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

--注册catalog 数据库

rman catalog rman_dlp/dlp
create catalog tablespace rman_tbs;
connect target sys/dg@priamry
register database;
report schema;

--设置备份参数

configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;

--以下是备份脚本(可以通过vi进行编辑)
dlp-> touch exp_rman.par
dlp-> touch exp_rman.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcv   (数据库0级备份)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcv (数据库1级备份)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcv   (数据库2级备份www.linuxidc.com)
dlp-> touch rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh

--倒出RMAN用户数据脚本exp_rman.par
##################################################
###               exp_rman.par                 ###
##################################################
userid=rman_dlp/dlp
file=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/export/rman.dmp
log=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman.log

--倒出RMAN数据SHELL脚本exp_rman.sh
##################################################
###                 exp_rman.sh                ###
##################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/Oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
exp parfile=exp_rman.par

--零级备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'
tag='level 0' include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d2;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;

--零级备份SHELL脚本的rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/Oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL0.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL0.log
./dinglp/ora_managed/script/exp_rman.sh

--一级差异增量备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;

--一级差异增量备份SHELL脚本rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/Oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL1.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL1.log
. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh

--二级差异增量备份RMAN脚本rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcv
connect catalog rman_dlp/dlp
connect target sys/dg@primary
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 2 format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
exit;

--二级差异增量备份SHELL脚本rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh
#####################################################################
###                   rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh                           ###
#####################################################################
#!/bin/bash
source /home/Oracle/.bash_profile
cd /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts
rman cmdfile=rman_bk_LEVEL2.rcv msglog=/dinglp/ora_managed/backup/log/rman_bk_LEVEL2.log
. /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/exp_rman.sh

--提高RMAN增量备份性能

alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/Oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log';

desc v$block_change_tracking;

--RMAN 动态视图
V$ARCHIVED_LOG             显示在数据库中已经创建、备份或清除的归档文件。
V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION    显示在备份集的备份过程中找到的损坏块。
V$COPY_CORRUPTION    显示映像复制过程中找到的损坏块。
V$BACKUP_DATAFILE    用于通过确定各数据文件中的块数来创建大小相同的备份集。通过它也可以找出数据文件中已损坏的块数。    V$BACKUP_REDOLOG    显示在备份集中存储的归档日志。
V$BACKUP_SET     显示已经创建的备份集。
V$BACKUP_PIECE    显示为备份集创建的备份片。

--如何监视复制进程
使用 SET COMMAND ID 命令可将服务器会话与通道联系起来。
查询 V$PROCESS 和 V$SESSION，可以确定会话与哪些 RMAN 通道对应。
查询 V$SESSION_LONGOPS，可以监视备份和复制的进度。

--linux下自动运行备份脚本
crontab格式简介
第1列分钟1～59
第2列小时1～23（0表示子夜）
第3列日1～31
第4列月1～12
第5列星期0～6（0表示星期天）
第6列要运行的命令

[root@dlp ~]# vi /etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
HOME=/

# run-parts
01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly
02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily
22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly
42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly
00 22 * * 0 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_LEVEL0.sh
00 22 * * 3 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_LEVEL1.sh
00 22 * * 1,2,4,5,6 root /dinglp/ora_managed/scripts/rman_bk_LEVEL2.sh

--完毕，RYOHEI，2010-08-04。