Grunt入门教程之学习笔记

作者:袖梨 2022-06-25

我现在在几个小项目中一直在使用Node.js。在Node系统中有一些很强大的工具。我最喜欢的一个例子就是Grunt。

Grunt是一种工具,允许您定义任务,然后通过命令运行他们,在命令行中运行:

 代码如下 复制代码
grunt watch

这将启动一个watch任务,用来监控文件,我已经指定和运行指定的任务,只要这些文件变化了,就能监控到。在我的例子中,我已经在Grunt设置了只要当.js文件改变了就能检测JavaScript语法和压缩JavaScript和当.scss文件改变就能将Sass文件编译成CSS的任务。

这里介绍了如何设置。

安装Grunt
首先你需要先安装Grunt CLI,这是Grunt命令的接口。这将可以在命令行中使用Grunt命令:

 代码如下 复制代码
$ npm install -g grunt-cli

注意:由于我们使用Grunt CLI,Grunt必须安装在每个项目的基础上。这允许您在不同的项目是运行不同版本的Grunt。如果您之前全局安装了Grunt,那么你应该先卸载它:

 代码如下 复制代码
$ npm uninstall -g grunt

安装需要的依赖关系
接下来,您需要设置运行Grunt需要的所有依赖项。在这个例子中你需要grunt,grunt-contrib-jshint(检测js文件),grunt-contrib-uglify(压缩js文件),grunt-contrib-sass(编译你的Sass)。安装这些依赖项目,你需要在你的项目中的根目录下设置一个package.json文件:

 代码如下 复制代码
{
    "name":"Grunt-Example",
    "description": "Example project to demonstrate Grunt.",
    "version":"0.1.0",
    "private": true,
    "author": {
        "name": "Blake Haswell",
        "email": "[email protected]"
    },
    "devDependencies": {
        "grunt": "~0.4.0",
        "grunt-contrib-sass": "*",
        "grunt-contrib-jshint": "*",
        "grunt-contrib-uglify": "*",
        "grunt-contrib-watch": "*"
    }
}


一旦你创建好了这个文件,你可以在你的项目目录下运行npm install命令安装所需要的依赖项:

 代码如下 复制代码
$ npm install

设置Gruntfile.js
现在你需要创建一个"Gruntfile"。在这你可以定义你的任务。

首先在你的项目根目录下创建一个Gruntfile.js文件。创建Gruntfile真的很简单,我们只需要定义一个CommonJS模块。当需要改变我们的Grunt配置时,我们只需要修改这个模块。

 代码如下 复制代码
module.exports = function(grunt){
    //Grunt配置写在这里
}

接下来,设置你的第一个任务:JSHint。在Grunt中设置任务,需要运行grunt.initConfig()方法,并通过每个对象设置你的任务。例如,这里介绍了如何设置JSHint:

 代码如下 复制代码

module.exports = function(grunt){

    grunt.initConfig({

        //JSHint (http://www.jshint.com/docs)
        jshint: {
            all: {
                src: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                options: {
                    bitwise: true,
                    camelcase: true,
                    curly: true,
                    eqeqeq: true,
                    forin: true,
                    immed: true,
                    indent: 4,
                    latedef: true,
                    newcap: true,
                    noarg: true,
                    noempty: true,
                    nonew: true,
                    quotmark: 'single',
                    regexp: true,
                    undef: true,
                    unused: true,
                    trailing: true,
                    maxlen: 120
                }
            }
        }

 

    });

    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint');
};


正如你看到的,你一个对象中包含了JSHint任务。JSHint是一个多任务,所以这意味着你可以定义多个JSHint任务。在这种情况下JSHint只有一个任务:all。JSHint的all任务指定文件被linted,以及这个选项也适用于lint。

还有,你有没有注意到在底部通过grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint')调用任务。该方法可以从node_modules/中加载grunt-contrib-jshint任务,让它可以使用你的配置。

现在你可以很容易的lint你的JavaScript文件:

$ grunt jshint
很酷,不是吗?你甚至可以创建watch任务,监测JavaScript文件和自动lints文件——当文件失败后会提配你。

 代码如下 复制代码

module.exports = function(grunt){

    grunt.initConfig({

        //JSHint (http://www.jshint.com/docs)
        jshint: {
            all: {
                src: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                options: {
                    bitwise: true,
                    camelcase: true,
                    curly: true,
                    eqeqeq: true,
                    forin: true,
                    immed: true,
                    indent: 4,
                    latedef: true,
                    newcap: true,
                    noarg: true,
                    noempty: true,
                    nonew: true,
                    quotmark: 'single',
                    regexp: true,
                    undef: true,
                    unused: true,
                    trailing: true,
                    maxlen: 120
                }
            }
        },

        //watch
        watch: {
            jshint: {
                files: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                tasks: 'jshint'
            }
        }

    });

    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
};


现在你执行grunt watch和开始修改你的JavaScript。你保存了你的文件并且lint失败后,将会通知你。在一个跨团队的开发执行编码的标准是一个伟大的方式,它节省时间捕捉觉错误。

Grunt不只是可以用于lint你的代码,你可快速设置任务压缩你的JavaScript:

 代码如下 复制代码

module.exports = function(grunt){

    grunt.initConfig({

        //JSHint (http://www.jshint.com/docs)
        jshint: {
            all: {
                src: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                options: {
                    bitwise: true,
                    camelcase: true,
                    curly: true,
                    eqeqeq: true,
                    forin: true,
                    immed: true,
                    indent: 4,
                    latedef: true,
                    newcap: true,
                    noarg: true,
                    noempty: true,
                    nonew: true,
                    quotmark: 'single',
                    regexp: true,
                    undef: true,
                    unused: true,
                    trailing: true,
                    maxlen: 120
                }
            }
        },

        //Uglify
        uglify: {
            all: {
                files: {
                    'public/javascripts/all.min.js':'javascripts/**/*.js'
                }
            }
        },

        //watch
        watch: {
            jshint: {
                files: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                tasks: 'jshint'
            }
        }

    });

    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-uglify');
};


可以编译你的Sass:

 代码如下 复制代码

module.exports = function(grunt){

    grunt.initConfig({

        //JSHint (http://www.jshint.com/docs)
        jshint: {
            all: {
                src: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                options: {
                    bitwise: true,
                    camelcase: true,
                    curly: true,
                    eqeqeq: true,
                    forin: true,
                    immed: true,
                    indent: 4,
                    latedef: true,
                    newcap: true,
                    noarg: true,
                    noempty: true,
                    nonew: true,
                    quotmark: 'single',
                    regexp: true,
                    undef: true,
                    unused: true,
                    trailing: true,
                    maxlen: 120
                }
            }
        },

        //Uglify
        uglify: {
            all: {
                files: {
                    'public/javascripts/all.min.js':'javascripts/**/*.js'
                }
            }
        },

        //Sass
        sass: {
            options: {
                style: 'compressed',
                precision: 5
            },
            all: {
                files: {
                    'public/stylesheets/style.css':'sass/style.scss'
                }
            }
        },

        //watch
        watch: {
            jshint: {
                files: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                tasks: 'jshint'
            }
        }

    });

    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-uglify');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-sass');
};


然后,你可以将任务添加到你的watch任务,将可以自动执行这些任务:

 代码如下 复制代码

module.exports = function(grunt){

    grunt.initConfig({

        //JSHint (http://www.jshint.com/docs)
        jshint: {
            all: {
                src: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                options: {
                    bitwise: true,
                    camelcase: true,
                    curly: true,
                    eqeqeq: true,
                    forin: true,
                    immed: true,
                    indent: 4,
                    latedef: true,
                    newcap: true,
                    noarg: true,
                    noempty: true,
                    nonew: true,
                    quotmark: 'single',
                    regexp: true,
                    undef: true,
                    unused: true,
                    trailing: true,
                    maxlen: 120
                }
            }
        },

        //Uglify
        uglify: {
            all: {
                files: {
                    'public/javascripts/all.min.js':'javascripts/**/*.js'
                }
            }
        },

        //Sass
        sass: {
            options: {
                style: 'compressed',
                precision: 5
            },
            all: {
                files: {
                    'public/stylesheets/style.css':'sass/style.scss'
                }
            }
        },

        //watch
        watch: {
            javascript: {
                files: 'javascripts/**/*.js',
                tasks: ['jshint','uglify']
            },
            sass: {
                files: 'sass/**/*.scss',
                tasks: 'sass'
            }
        }

    });

    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-watch');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-uglify');
    grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-sass');
};

现在,每次Sass文件修改保存后将会重新编译成CSS,每次JavaScript文件修保存后将会自动lint和压缩。

这样编码很爽吧,很开心吧!

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