mongodb数据库select使用方法

作者：袖梨 2022-06-29

前面说到了mongodb安装，配置，集群，以及php的插入与更新等，请参考：mongodb。
下面说一下，mongodb select的常用操作
测试数据

 代码如下 复制代码
{ "_id" : 1, "title" : "红楼梦", "auther" : "曹雪芹", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 80, "code" : 10 } 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 

1，取表条数

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.count();  
 
> db.books.find().count();  
 
> db.books.count({auther: "李白" });  
 
 
> db.books.find({money:{$gt:40,$lte:60}}).count();  
 
> db.books.count({money:{$gt:40,$lte:60}}); 

php代码如下，按顺序对应的

 代码如下 复制代码
$collection->count();             //结果：4 
$collection->find()->count();     //结果：4 
$collection->count(array("auther"=>"李白"));   //结果：2 
$collection->find(array("money"=>array('$gt'=>40,'$lte'=>60)))->count();     //结果：1 
$collection->count(array("money"=>array('$gt'=>40,'$lte'=>60)));    //结果：1 

提示：$gt为大于、$gte为大于等于、$lt为小于、$lte为小于等于、$ne为不等于、$exists不存在、$in指定范围、$nin指定不在某范围
2，取单条数据

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.findOne(); 
{ 
        "_id" : 1, 
        "title" : "红楼梦", 
        "auther" : "曹雪芹", 
        "typeColumn" : "test", 
        "money" : 80, 
        "code" : 10 
} 
 
> db.books.findOne({auther: "李白" }); 
{ 
        "_id" : 3, 
        "title" : "朝发白帝城", 
        "auther" : "李白", 
        "typeColumn" : "test", 
        "money" : 30, 
        "code" : 30 
} 

 
php代码如下，按顺序对应的

 代码如下 复制代码
$collection->findOne(); 
$collection->findOne(array("auther"=>"李白")); 

3，find snapshot 游标

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find( { $query: {auther: "李白" }, $snapshot: true } ); 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 

php代码如下

 代码如下 复制代码
/**
* 注意:
* 在我们做了find()操作，获得 $result 游标之后，这个游标还是动态的.
* 换句话说,在我find()之后,到我的游标循环完成这段时间,如果再有符合条件的记录被插入到collection,那么这些记录也会被$result 获得.
*/ 
$result = $collection->find(array("auther"=>"李白"))->snapshot(); 
foreach ($result as $id => $value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 

4,自定义列显示

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find({},{"money":0,"auther":0});      //money和auther不显示 
{ "_id" : 1, "title" : "红楼梦", "typeColumn" : "test", "code" : 10 } 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "typeColumn" : "test", "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "typeColumn" : "test", "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "code" : 40 } 
 
> db.books.find({},{"title":1});          //只显示title列 
{ "_id" : 1, "title" : "红楼梦" } 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城" } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城" } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒" } 
 
/**
*money在60到100之间，typecolumn和money二列必须存在
*/ 
> db.books.find({money:{$gt:60,$lte:100}},{"typeColumn":1,"money":1}); 
{ "_id" : 1, "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 80 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "money" : 90 } 

php代码如下，按顺序对应的

 代码如下 复制代码
$result = $collection->find()->fields(array("auther"=>false,"money"=>false));    //不显示auther和money列 
 
$result = $collection->find()->fields(array("title"=>true));      //只显示title列 
 
/**
 *money在60到100之间，typecolumn和money二列必须存在
 */ 
$where=array('typeColumn'=>array('$exists'=>true),'money'=>array('$exists'=>true,'$gte'=>60,'$lte'=>100)); 
$result = $collection->find($where); 

5，分页

 代码如下 复制代码

> db.books.find().skip(1).limit(1);  //跳过第条，取一条 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
这根mysql，limit,offset有点类似，php代码如下

$result = $collection->find()->limit(1)->skip(1);//跳过 1 条记录，取出 1条 

6，排序

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find().sort({money:1,code:-1});    //1表示降序 -1表示升序,参数的先后影响排序顺序  
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 1, "title" : "红楼梦", "auther" : "曹雪芹", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 80, "code" : 10 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 

php代码如下

 代码如下 复制代码
$result = $collection->find()->sort(array('code'=>1,'money'=>-1)); 

7,模糊查询

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find({"title":/城/});      //like '%str%' 糊查询集合中的数据 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
 
> db.books.find({"auther":/^李/});    //like 'str%' 糊查询集合中的数据 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 
 
> db.books.find({"auther":/书$/});   //like '%str' 糊查询集合中的数据 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
 
> db.books.find( { "title": { $regex: '城', $options: 'i' } } );   //like '%str%' 糊查询集合中的数据 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 

php代码如下，按顺序对应的

 代码如下 复制代码
$param = array("title" => new MongoRegex('/城/')); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 
 
$param = array("auther" => new MongoRegex('/^李/')); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 
 
$param = array("auther" => new MongoRegex('/书$/')); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 

8，$in和$nin

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find( { money: { $in: [ 20,30,90] } } );   //查找money等于20，30，90的数据 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 
 
> db.books.find( { auther: { $in: [ /^李/,/^钱/ ] } } );    //查找以李，钱开头的数据 
{ "_id" : 2, "title" : "围城", "auther" : "钱钟书", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 56, "code" : 20 } 
{ "_id" : 3, "title" : "朝发白帝城", "auther" : "李白", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 30, "code" : 30 } 
{ "_id" : 4, "title" : "将近酒", "auther" : "李白", "money" : 90, "code" : 40 } 

php代码如下，按顺序对应的

 代码如下 复制代码
$param = array("money" => array('$in'=>array(20,30,90))); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 
foreach ($result as $id=>$value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 
 
$param = array("auther" => array('$in'=>array(new MongoRegex('/^李/'),new MongoRegex('/^钱/')))); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 
foreach ($result as $id=>$value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 

 9，$or

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.find( { $or: [ { money: 20 }, { money: 80 } ] } );   //查找money等于20，80的数据 
{ "_id" : 1, "title" : "红楼梦", "auther" : "曹雪芹", "typeColumn" : "test", "money" : 80, "code" : 10 } 

php代码如下

 代码如下 复制代码
$param = array('$or'=>array(array("money"=>20),array("money"=>80))); 
$result = $collection->find($param); 
foreach ($result as $id=>$value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 

 10，distinct

 代码如下 复制代码
> db.books.distinct( 'auther' ); 
[ "曹雪芹", "钱钟书", "李白" ] 
 
> db.books.distinct( 'auther' , { money: { $gt: 60 } }); 
[ "曹雪芹", "李白" ] 

php代码如下

 代码如下 复制代码
$result = $curDB->command(array("distinct" => "books", "key" => "auther")); 
foreach ($result as $id=>$value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 
 
$where = array("money" => array('$gte' => 60)); 
$result = $curDB->command(array("distinct" => "books", "key" => "auther", "query" => $where)); 
foreach ($result as $id=>$value) { 
 var_dump($value); 
} 

先写到这儿，上面只是SELECT的一些常用操作，接下来，还会写一点。

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