XML轻松学习手册(一):XML快速入门

作者:袖梨 2022-07-02
第一章:XML快速入门
一. 什么是XML?
这往往是第一个问题,也往往在第一个问题上你就会搞不明白,因为大多的教材上这样回答:
XML是Extensible Markup Language的简写,一种扩展性标识语言。
这是标准的定义。那么什么是标志语言,为什么叫扩展性?已经让人有些糊涂。我想我们这样来理解会好一些:
对HTML你已经非常熟悉了吧,它就是一种标记语言,记得它的全称吗:"Hypertext Markup Language" 超文本标记语言。明白了?同时,HTML里面有很多标签,类似,等,都是在HTML 4.0里规范和定义,而XML里允许你自己创建这样的标签,所以叫做可扩展性。
这里有几个容易混淆的概念要提醒大家:
1.XML并不是标记语言。它只是用来创造标记语言(比如HTML)的元语言。天,又糊涂了!不要紧,你只要知道这一点:XML和HTML是不一样的,它的用处途比HTML广泛得多,我们将在后面仔细介绍。
2.XML并不是HTML的替代产品。XML不是HTML的升级,它只是HTML的补充,为HTML扩展更多功能。我们仍将在较长的一段时间里继续使用HTML。(但值得注意的是HTML的升级版本XHTML的确正在向适应XML靠拢。)
3.不能用XML来直接写网页。即便是包含了XML数据,依然要转换成HTML格式才能在浏览器上显示。
下面就是一段XML示例文档(例1),用来表示本文的信息:


XML Quick Start
ajie
[email protected]
20010115

注意:
1.这段代码仅仅是代码,让你初步感性认识一下XML,并不能实现什么具体应用;
2.其中类似,<author>的语句就是自己创建的标记(tags),它们和HTML标记不一样,例如这里的<title>是文章标题的意思,HTML里的<title>是页面标题。<br /><br /> </div> </div> </section> <section class="wrap-box"> <div class="g-tit"> <h2>相关文章</h2> </div> <ul class="s-list nobord notop"> <li> <a href="/art-422360.htm" class="s-card"> <div class="s-card-l"> <p class="tit">原神欧洛伦怎么培养 原神欧洛伦培养攻略介绍</p> <div class="info"> <span class="person">游戏攻略</span> <span class="time">2024-11-22</span> </div> </div> <div class="s-card-pic"> <img src="/images/lazy.gif" data-src="/uploads/20241122/logo_674017613ef5b1.jpeg" alt="原神欧洛伦怎么培养 原神欧洛伦培养攻略介绍" /> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/art-422359.htm" class="s-card"> <div class="s-card-l"> <p class="tit">炉石传说跳费大哥德卡组怎么样 炉石传说跳费大哥德卡组推荐介绍</p> <div class="info"> <span class="person">游戏攻略</span> <span class="time">2024-11-22</span> </div> </div> <div class="s-card-pic"> <img src="/images/lazy.gif" data-src="/uploads/20241122/logo_674017607e1e31.jpeg" alt="炉石传说跳费大哥德卡组怎么样 炉石传说跳费大哥德卡组推荐介绍" /> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a 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