研究了3800个Codex、Claude Code、Gemini CLI Bug后，我发现最容易出错的根本不是模型

处理研究了3800个Codex、Claude Code、Gemini CLI Bug后，我发现最容易出错的根本不是模型这类问题时，先确认目标场景，再按步骤核对配置或玩法细节。

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","attrs":{"id":"ab6c81fc-d4f3-4085-8105-bbdb198acef3","textAlign":"inherit","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0de4dad1-8ea2-4565-92fc-ab18889b17fa","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一项针对三大 AI 编程工具的实证研究，揭开了 Coding Agent 最容易翻车的地方。"}]}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"c7a09693-c1b0-4c6b-8d60-629d4851bcfa","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a30ab717-9ff8-4574-9bf3-51bb0936d100","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近一年，我使用 Codex、Claude Code 和 Gemini CLI 时，经常遇到一种很反直觉的情况："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"5131525c-1e49-4173-9489-9e7e469194b3","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"模型明明越来越强，工具却不一定越来越省心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"3b84435d-43ac-4d80-a2ba-aee353612403","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"让它解释一段代码，回答很漂亮；真让它进入项目、读取文件、调用终端、修改代码、执行测试，各种问题就来了："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"218061a1-feb8-42b9-b9de-30ffa4a11b10","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"7fe8d7e6-fdfe-408e-b9b1-0bb246e9e013"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"50f16301-4c2f-442b-a865-01bc7289de2c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"API 请求突然报错"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"f4f997cc-9c66-428a-9699-cb845f75e150"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8cdf888d-ec7d-44c9-bafe-4dfdb01a7a80","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工具调用没有执行"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"741769e6-ce3a-49f9-9105-738a973fa50b"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8ad86283-1039-4d89-bccf-aa1a91ad2471","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"命令跑到一半卡住"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"7a0467d5-3c30-40e2-a332-dd2a964306b9"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4c946116-dc17-4590-8038-f1d9027e30d8","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"环境变量明明配置了，却提示找不到 Key"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"cf421176-d853-41e9-81b2-3acca18b1ce4"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"56da2559-9522-4ee7-bd34-2baaf1e9b6a8","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同一条指令重试几次，结果完全不同"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"09e43998-3a82-432f-9126-d8d2daa601c3"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a7d917f9-38e1-4315-981c-c4e398def169","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"代码已经改完，Agent 却因为最后一次测试失败宣布任务失败"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"342e0d12-5050-4b96-abbd-7f4d6a2ff60c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数人的第一反应是："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"是不是模型不够聪明？是不是该换一个更贵的模型？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"58811a03-9b7a-4a30-a42f-2c669057c08d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但一篇 2026 年发布的研究，给出了完全不同的答案。"}]},{"type":"blockquote","attrs":{"id":"7780021e-9aec-4d5a-ac65-c584f2c2e7ed","textAlign":"inherit","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"28ee165a-c555-4d9d-817a-a9bb6fb20be3","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"很多 Coding Agent 的问题，根本没有发生在模型推理层，而是发生在 API、配置、工具调用和命令执行这些“看起来没那么高级”的地方。"}]}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"5a7a0356-49e9-4751-803b-f7517820266f","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"8e01e5c5-515d-4c29-92ed-1caf0eb377b6","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、研究者真的翻了3800多个Bug"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"7ef1c086-0846-42fa-ad8b-319fd67f7195","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇论文名为 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"Engineering Pitfalls in AI Coding Tools: An Empirical Study of Bugs in Claude Code, Codex, and Gemini CLI"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"b24aa68a-b228-4104-948e-0ea0a305e45c","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研究团队系统分析了三个 AI 编程工具开源仓库中公开报告的 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"3800 多个 Bug"},{"type":"text","text":"，不只看 Issue 标题，还人工检查了问题描述、用户讨论和开发者回复，并从 Bug 类型、根因、症状和发生位置等维度进行分类。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"58689bd2-d24f-4487-b75f-bd145eb3583a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最终得到的几组数据非常有意思："}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"id":"4d00fab3-b7cf-4730-833a-e3587e0db5d9","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableHeader","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"style":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8bf669cb-b586-4ae4-8118-e499b4032048","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"研究发现"}]}]},{"type":"tableHeader","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":null,"style":"text-align: 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无法完成任务时，直接把责任推给模型，往往会找错方向。"}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"1b298b64-4c6a-41b4-a1ea-24aa5d25372c","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"232f7e03-233c-4efd-a99f-5949c6f2d36a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、为什么模型很强，Coding Agent 还是会翻车"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"c6dddff5-46c6-4978-869f-00c5e759155a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为 Coding Agent 从来不只是一个大模型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"d34056ed-a72e-4129-be87-97a31a137f45","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一个能读项目、改代码、跑测试的 Agent，至少要经过下面这条链路："}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"25411c2a-1e83-46ef-be12-4bbbbe10ffa8","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用户指令n ↓n上下文与项目文件n ↓n大模型规划n ↓n工具参数生成n ↓n文件系统 / Shell / Git / MCPn ↓n命令执行结果n ↓n状态更新与下一轮推理n ↓n最终答案"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"970c487b-0ba2-40b7-b986-3d9fee7f9ea7","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这条链路中，模型只负责其中一部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"29b67fa0-7153-40c4-ad62-350e0ef294be","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"只要 API 协议、Key、模型名、工作目录、Shell、权限、流式连接、工具参数或会话状态中有一项不对，整个任务都会失败。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"cdeb019e-33c5-41ae-bc16-54e87e6ceff6","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这也是普通 Chat 和 Coding Agent 最大的区别："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"3733016f-a3fa-41af-baa8-5cd6b46ae887","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"401a4055-ad56-4217-8300-faa766a04157"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"53a12e08-7700-4643-9fd8-09b08c3ac04b","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"普通 Chat 生成错了，通常只是答案不好。"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"e44f00fd-834f-4b42-9eac-9526cf68b341"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2006e6b7-dbfc-4e98-ad8c-f3c75c4e5889","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Coding Agent 某一环错了，可能表现为命令没执行、文件没修改、测试被中断，甚至重复执行同一个操作。"}]}]}]},{"type":"blockquote","attrs":{"id":"9391764f-65f4-442a-9fa8-3153bdb8badf","textAlign":"inherit","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0e6010f9-ecae-4a61-a740-4b73556a8b88","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Agent 的可靠性，不等于模型的可靠性；它取决于整条执行链路中最不稳定的一环。"}]}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"11cd576b-5d7f-46b8-a5ae-0f55be900cd8","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"d1562029-5011-432b-86e8-feabb9fae289","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、最常见的5类问题，很多人第一步就查错了"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"a5c6d9fe-a8cd-40ee-9e49-cec850fc9494","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1. Base URL 能访问，不代表协议兼容"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"77fab6a2-ff17-433a-a251-ac6d8bda01e3","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这是目前最容易踩的坑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"3d3fc88a-bae0-442a-bf8b-58eb9ef09f48","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不少平台都写着“OpenAI 兼容”，开发者便默认只要把 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"base_url"},{"type":"text","text":" 换掉，所有工具都能直接运行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"edd9aa71-72ef-4298-a657-d299cf876762","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但“OpenAI 兼容”可能只代表它支持 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"/v1/chat/completions"},{"type":"text","text":"，不代表完整支持 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"/v1/responses"},{"type":"text","text":"、流式事件、工具调用和状态字段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"74455ba1-bda8-4d9d-ae84-6f8aa6d8ecd2","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而当前 Codex 自定义模型提供方使用的是 Responses 协议。OpenAI 官方配置参考中，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"wire_api"},{"type":"text","text":" 目前唯一支持的值就是 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"responses"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"aac88bca-6b04-48dc-931e-49bd714b5f7d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"于是就会出现一种典型现象："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"5aeaa9b7-4a77-479d-b004-e183d24361a3","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"8ff927c7-b55f-48d9-a62e-aec47518ad73"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a48c4888-256a-4a8f-a855-ce150fce7a6a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同一个 Key，用 Python SDK 聊天正常；"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"aee527a6-46c9-4117-974a-80b25bd81968"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8abccd4b-779b-4c85-8982-b75cf644a967","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"放进 Codex 后却出现 404、流式输出中断或工具调用异常。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f3e261de-1eba-4078-8d5b-c0c751599d82","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这时不是模型坏了，而是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"客户端发送的协议，和网关真正实现的协议没有对上"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"7545d403-578e-4ae3-aa6b-80ef0b4c829e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2. Key 没错，但程序读到的不是这个 Key"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2b3c9429-fc80-4ee7-bc3c-50bbe31ebf76","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"API Key 问题比想象中复杂。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f9c17053-486b-444c-9c87-f8f4975abb51","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你在当前终端里执行了 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"export"},{"type":"text","text":"，不代表 IDE、新开的终端、子进程、Docker 容器和 CI Runner 都能读到它。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f45c4ea9-7827-48bc-a746-bcef0d9b5a7e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更麻烦的是，不同 Coding Agent 使用的变量名和认证流程并不相同。Gemini CLI 官方文档要求 API Key 模式设置 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"GEMINI_API_KEY"},{"type":"text","text":"；Claude Code 也有自己的认证与网关配置；Codex 自定义提供方则通过 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"env_key"},{"type":"text","text":" 指定从哪个环境变量读取密钥。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4ab4942d-4d85-4fac-94fd-12ca4115cea7","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，“我明明配过 Key”不是有效证据。真正该确认的是："}]},{"type":"codeBlock","attrs":{"id":"548e24f8-d335-4be4-bae3-50bc089d1da2","language":"javascript","theme":"atom-one-dark","runtimes":0,"isHoverDragHandle":false,"key":"","languageByAi":"javascript"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"# 只检查变量是否存在，不要把完整密钥打印到日志ntest -n "$GENVIS_API_KEY" && echo "Key loaded" || echo "Key missing""}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"c19d453d-b6a6-4315-b439-c4c641327180","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是在 Windows、WSL、容器或远程开发环境里，还要确认 Agent 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的 Bug 会影响工具调用阶段"},{"type":"text","text":"。这正是 Coding Agent 与普通对话产品之间最难补齐的工程差距。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"f032fc18-4bfe-4032-afd0-c23ecc456799","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":3,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 命令正确，也可能跑在错误的环境里"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e994c883-6424-464e-92a9-cec986e5050e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agent 生成了正确命令，不等于命令一定能成功。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"77316ac8-b8f8-4fb5-a6d5-59a6c36b24ed","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同一个项目，在 macOS、Linux、Windows、WSL 和容器里的行为可能不同；同一个 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"python"},{"type":"text","text":" 命令，也可能指向完全不同的解释器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"eb380fcf-6c37-4374-ae2a-cdec97a0f271","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高频问题包括："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"12332903-ad35-4fd2-8c22-b3653a5cbb78","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"e94999fc-4cf0-4e55-8b7c-7ead17efd3a8"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"a28a2c62-9183-4538-8fc5-8f4066f90060","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工作目录错误，找不到配置文件"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"2968ec87-0558-402a-9cad-04695230301e"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"92bf3349-2022-4f9b-81ae-3ff8d2788d71","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Node.js 或 Python 版本不一致"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"44ff66d1-7a30-4c0e-8eba-97f8cb1f79c6"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"abb7ad58-7630-415d-ac28-35b99c51a3fd","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"依赖安装在另一个虚拟环境"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"1967d557-1bff-44b4-b46e-efcbe2e604a2"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2a486004-5a14-43fd-8370-e61b8ae90f0d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shell 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不是一次请求，而是一个循环。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0b4ad089-fb46-46c3-9be8-f011cfd1f8dc","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"请求超时后，客户端可能自动重试；工具失败后，模型也可能主动换方案再执行一次。如果状态管理不严谨，就会出现："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"8143ff5c-b8d2-4735-bc69-dd1385749293","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"fe5f22aa-1cd9-4df3-91e5-db2ed5357e6c"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"9fe2d397-513e-4f87-8b91-c90012072d85","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同一个命令被执行两次"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"9e5ded3e-57e0-405b-a163-10c68466bc41"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"415dcd83-0fbd-4e1b-b5d6-0f525057269b","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文件已经修改，却因为响应断开被再次覆盖"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"e2cf5303-7356-45ad-b7bd-9b8c531259fc"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"060f67aa-b387-4d20-9ec7-eb10b522d428","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一次调用成功，第二次重试触发限流"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"31530e53-79f6-4d41-8368-6c9fbb12b454"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"9abad132-5d0a-4a5d-b414-f2a75b56861b","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上一轮工具结果没有写入会话，模型反复排查同一问题"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"3297e19e-0867-4da6-ade5-f6b5d56cc227"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"f718f00f-7c5a-440e-a7e4-458928d05fda","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重试不断增加上下文，Token 越烧越多"}]}]}]},{"type":"blockquote","attrs":{"id":"fe69021f-4553-442f-b9a9-a42cec5098eb","textAlign":"inherit","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e01f4e1a-0629-4951-ae61-6f41314f10a5","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"对 Coding Agent 来说，稳定性问题不仅浪费时间，还会直接变成 Token 成本。"}]}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"3befd800-d850-43b4-9130-b75de4c1d4d1","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"addf7fc2-05b1-4f2c-a5ff-1f7259323158","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"四、别急着换模型：先按这个顺序排查"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"c5b3ff56-cb67-45aa-870c-2c4959057386","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以后再遇到 Codex 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和操作系统不兼容"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"9714ac88-66eb-4b8f-88e3-1b5556b93a7f"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8b45698a-9ed6-4b39-915e-2cb578dd210b","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"项目测试本身不稳定"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"049efe45-2076-4bda-b777-f86321ac8ff3"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"72ab7bec-3fe1-424d-a91b-6169a24eba55","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Agent 权限配置错误"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"b3e04f9f-bf12-4e7a-a33f-9749bb130a67"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"5c34eeee-aca1-4410-a57e-d54d6270ab1a","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工具 Schema 设计不合理"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"dd1dab83-ea67-4b1d-ac5d-6da718ce0862"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4448f1b6-1cac-4942-ac01-79c59933eafc","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"客户端不支持目标协议"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2d84268c-fcb4-4943-ac13-7ccbc3098253","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尤其要注意："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"“一个 API 接入多个模型”不等于“一个配置原生兼容所有 Coding Agent”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"5ea49203-8036-478a-838f-c91f62a42ed4","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Codex、Claude Code 和 Gemini CLI 有不同的认证、协议与配置方式。网关必须实现对应客户端需要的接口，不能只把模型名称换一下，就假设三者完全互通。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"6cc2718a-d096-438b-896d-9aafa273b550","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这也是为什么我在 Codex 配置里明确写出 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"code"}],"text":"wire_api = "responses""},{"type":"text","text":"，而不是只改一个地址就结束。"}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"8e680b3a-06f0-4562-9188-7547c335b527","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"f0f68536-bda6-4de1-b812-731cf03f2ee2","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"六、这3800多个Bug，真正提醒了我们什么"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"2e32cf4a-ee26-4157-bad1-1cb6f5f88422","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI 编程工具已经进入一个新的阶段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"35d62932-e491-4c28-a251-535c7e156f45","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以前大家比的是谁更会补全代码；现在比的是谁能稳定地理解项目、规划任务、调用工具、修改文件、运行测试并交付结果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"d2fbd1c2-f14b-48f4-aba7-d98a6a2da657","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"模型能力当然重要，但当模型能力逐渐接近时，真正决定体验的，反而是那些不容易出现在发布会上的细节："}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":{"id":"ba10ca43-968a-4ad8-83ed-9e0f29c5b719","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"14ab3a07-99fc-4af4-964a-a39be2b028eb"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"38dad8db-04f8-428f-92ef-d7703b7e8d3d","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"API 是否稳定"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"2b20b91d-43a6-422d-8863-d25c75eeb04b"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"4f3dfb88-d7dd-4ce8-8c00-e4db42611ebd","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"协议是否完整兼容"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"965e8301-3bd4-4da2-9959-c5d0621eecc1"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"49d9965b-d73a-48eb-97d7-eddf3da30845","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工具调用能否正确落地"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"c8b8f2ea-1b7c-41b6-a37b-abcd6f7c1cd2"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"11abd691-2e12-4391-bafe-c7f99de0efcf","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"失败后能否安全恢复"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"2f999961-87bf-4309-9488-c67aea859ce2"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"04f1b6fc-86a3-4d71-a2fa-e0b4c32f2f4e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"日志能否快速定位问题"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"445d1b76-e2bd-476a-8fa0-4ff73149f274"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"237b0a27-2988-41e2-b26b-d739f3f19f57","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Token 是否被无意义重试消耗"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"84e4e102-a69e-48cf-a240-165d3a31466f","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，下次 Codex、Claude Code 或 Gemini CLI 又突然“犯傻”时，先别急着吐槽模型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"3fd02b09-5c41-43ad-8d3b-1d5ba1ad5d2e","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"先问自己三个问题："}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"id":"399018ef-3951-4f94-9c5d-11045fc48716","start":1,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"f74a99be-9a8a-4543-9c41-3a29ffa7aa1a"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"38dbe182-014b-42b9-b883-6a34156f2e90","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"请求到底有没有正确到达模型？"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"9bb4af0d-976d-4add-bce1-79cb9c8719a2"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"455afefe-ceed-4e41-ae71-bca5cb2d24e7","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"模型输出有没有被客户端正确解析？"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"3217aa18-649a-46b6-b8a5-b6e496912233"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"8fe0e827-5e71-4cf9-bc98-be7fe72400a0","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工具和命令有没有在正确环境中执行？"}]}]}]},{"type":"blockquote","attrs":{"id":"39a83416-997e-4282-b43c-ac7776e5edd7","textAlign":"inherit","isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"01d45755-68d2-44af-9f8a-8344a2f3afbf","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"真正成熟的 Coding Agent，不是从不出错，而是每一次出错都能被定位、被恢复、被控制。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"26b23e90-c09e-4ae2-8e57-96afbf35a130","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而这，可能比再换一个排行榜第一的模型，更值得开发者花时间。"}]},{"type":"horizontalRule","attrs":{"id":"07f4d390-2462-4bb2-bdc9-4ffafa1d7fd9","isHoverDragHandle":false}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"id":"3f52fc56-4708-4c42-b62c-cb84b73f56e7","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"level":2,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考资料"}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"id":"03b99448-e175-42e5-9aee-f72885de342d","start":1,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"0cd6af21-3839-440c-b400-72f03b2c60fc"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"93d17dcf-84cf-4785-a6bf-7dff105aeec2","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20847","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer nofollow","class":null}}],"text":"Engineering Pitfalls in AI Coding Tools: An Empirical Study of Bugs in Claude Code, Codex, and Gemini CLI"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"3ef073e4-c491-4df2-845c-d36021ab3c5e"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"499c34c0-6b29-42cd-87df-582baf9757ec","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/config-file/config-reference","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer nofollow","class":null}}],"text":"OpenAI 官方 Codex Configuration Reference"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"b1f48503-2989-417f-9215-3393404e58bf"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"0b4ef103-ca9d-4d35-b7fa-ebac334ccd8f","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/claude-code/llm-gateway","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer nofollow","class":null}}],"text":"Anthropic 官方 Claude Code LLM Gateway Configuration"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","attrs":{"id":"4f7c68af-bcba-4eb2-a5e2-4c5e5208971b"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"id":"e4f1285b-7da1-4857-840d-ea17ae9076c4","textAlign":"inherit","indent":0,"color":null,"background":null,"isHoverDragHandle":false},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/docs/get-started/authentication.mdx","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer 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