Android开发(Kotlin) retrofit基本使用教程实用指南

作者：袖梨 2026-09-07

平时做技术实践时，很多问题不是概念不会，而是细节没串起来。拿“Android开发(Kotlin) retrofit基本采用教程”来说，它看着像小点，放到项目里常会牵出环境、配置、兼容性和维护成本。下面按实际采用顺序，把思路、关键写法和容易踩坑的地方讲清楚，便于大家直接对照操作。

导入retrofit

dependencies {
  	........
    implementation("com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:3.0.0")
    implementation("com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:3.0.0")
}

新建单例类

object ServiceCreator {
    private const val BASE_URL = "https://7a6396f8-09a1-4ade-b42a-f6db7776fb31.mock.pstmn.io"
    private val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
        .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
        .build()
    fun <T> create(serviceClass: Class<T>): T = retrofit.create(serviceClass)
}

新建数据类
数据格式

{
    "data": [
        {
            "random": "3",
            "def": "中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁",
            "word": "abeyance"
        }
    ]
}
data class  WordListBean(val data: List<WordBean>)
data class WordBean(val random: String, val def: String, val word: String)

设置接口

interface AppService {
    @GET("/flutter")
    fun getData(): Call<WordListBean>
}

调用网络接口

        binding.clickButC.setOnClickListener {
            val appService = ServiceCreator.create(AppService::class.java)
            appService.getData().enqueue(object : Callback<WordListBean>{
                override fun onResponse(call: Call<WordListBean?>, response: Response<WordListBean?>) {
                    Log.d("ClickActivity",response.body().toString())
                }
                override fun onFailure(call: Call<WordListBean?>, t: Throwable) {
                    Log.d("ClickActivity",t.toString())
                }
            })
        }

打印结果

2025-11-15 01:07:28.592 23340-23340 ClickActivity
com.bz.yh.xd.testkotlin
落到代码里，D WordListBean(data=[WordBean(random=0, def=抛弃，遗弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于, word=abandon), WordBean(random=1, def=抛弃；放纵, word=abandonment), WordBean(random=2, def=缩略词，缩写形式；缩略, word=abbreviation), WordBean(random=3, def=中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁, word=abeyance)])

采用实化来优化ServiceCreator

object ServiceCreator {
    private const val BASE_URL = "https://7a6396f8-09a1-4ade-b42a-f6db7776fb31.mock.pstmn.io"
    private val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
        .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
        .build()
    inline fun <reified T> create(): T = create(T::class.java)
}
        binding.clickButC.setOnClickListener {
            val appService = ServiceCreator.create<AppService>()
            appService.getData().enqueue(object : Callback<WordListBean>{
                override fun onResponse(call: Call<WordListBean?>, response: Response<WordListBean?>) {
                    Log.d("ClickActivity",response.body().toString())
                }
                override fun onFailure(call: Call<WordListBean?>, t: Throwable) {
                    Log.d("ClickActivity",t.toString())
                }
            })
        }

其他
声明网络权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

设置networkSecurityConfig，采用http

<application
        .....
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">

network_security_config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"/>
</network-security-config>

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