Drupal7配合Varnish使用及整合drupal模块的详细教程

作者：袖梨 2022-06-24

准备环境

首先安装一个全新的Drupal，推荐使用drush安装，方便迅速。

先要建一个数据库，记住用户和密码。

###进入mysql
mysql -uroot -p
CREATE DATABASE `mydb` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON `mydb`.* TO `username`@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
####退出mysql

Drush安装Drupal7：

drush dl drupal-7.x; #--select 用来选择一个版本
drush site-install standard --account-name=admin --account-pass=admin --db-url=mysql://YourMySQLUser:RandomPassword@localhost/YourMySQLDatabase

默认会安装最新版本的drupal7，如果要选择一个版本，请加参数：–select。

安装成功后，再下载一个varnish模块。

#进入drupal目录
drush dl varnish

安装Varnish

我们默认一个CentOS为例，因为CentOS仓库中的Varnish版本较低，要导入一个新的repo，然后，在升级一下yum软件库。
具体参考这个链接：https://www.varnish-cache.org/installation/redhat

####Varnish 4.0:
rpm --nosignature -i https://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-4.0.el6.rpm
yum install varnish
 
####Varnish 3.0:
 
###RHEL 5 or a compatible distribution, use:
 
rpm --nosignature -i https://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0.el5.rpm
yum install varnish
 
###RHEL 6 and compatible distributions, use:
 
rpm --nosignature -i https://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0.el6.rpm
yum install varnish
 
#如果安装的版本不对，请update一下。
#yum update

输入如下命令监测是否安装成功：

$ usr/sbin/varnishd -V
varnishd (varnish-3.0.5 revision 1a89b1f)
Copyright (c) 2006 Verdens Gang AS
Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Varnish Software AS

设置Varnish的VCL

复制如下代码到/etc/varnish/default.vcl里面：

 代码如下 复制代码
backend default {
  .host = "127.0.0.1";
  .port = "80";
}
 
sub vcl_recv {
  if (req.restarts == 0) {
    if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) {
      set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For +  ", " +  client.ip;
    }
    else {
      set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
    }
  }
 
  # Do not cache these paths.
  if (req.url ~ "^/status.php$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/update.php$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/ooyala/ping$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/admin/build/features" ||
    req.url ~ "^/info/.$" ||
    req.url ~ "^/flag/.$" ||
    req.url ~ "^./ajax/.$" ||
    req.url ~ "^./ahah/.$") {
    return (pass);
  }
 
  # Pipe these paths directly to Apache for streaming.
  if (req.url ~ "^/admin/content/backup_migrate/export") {
    return (pipe);
  }
 
  # Allow the backend to serve up stale content if it is responding slowly.
  set req.grace = 6h;
 
  # Use anonymous, cached pages if all backends are down.
  if (!req.backend.healthy) {
    unset req.http.Cookie;
  }
 
  # Always cache the following file types for all users.
  if (req.url ~ "(?i).(png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js|html|htm)(?[wd=.-]+)?$") {
    unset req.http.Cookie;
  }
 
  # Remove all cookies that Drupal doesn't need to know about. ANY remaining
  # cookie will cause the request to pass-through to Apache. For the most part
  # we always set the NO_CACHE cookie after any POST request, disabling the
  # Varnish cache temporarily. The session cookie allows all authenticated users
  # to pass through as long as they're logged in.
  if (req.http.Cookie) {
    set req.http.Cookie = ";" +  req.http.Cookie;
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";");
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";(SESS[a-z0-9]+|NO_CACHE)=", "; 1=");
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";[^ ][^;]*", "");
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", "");
 
    # Remove the "has_js" cookie
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "has_js=[^;]+(; )?", "");
    # Remove the "Drupal.toolbar.collapsed" cookie
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "Drupal.toolbar.collapsed=[^;]+(; )?", "");
    # Remove AdminToolbar cookie for drupal6
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "DrupalAdminToolbar=[^;]+(; )?", "");
    # Remove any Google Analytics based cookies
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "__utm.=[^;]+(; )?", "");
    # Remove the Quant Capital cookies (added by some plugin, all __qca)
    set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "__qc.=[^;]+(; )?", "");
 
     if (req.http.Cookie == "") {
      # If there are no remaining cookies, remove the cookie header. If there
      # aren't any cookie headers, Varnish's default behavior will be to cache
      # the page.
      unset req.http.Cookie;
      set req.http.X-Varnish-NoCookie = "TRUE";
    }
    else {
      # If there is any cookies left (a session or NO_CACHE cookie), do not
      # cache the page. Pass it on to Apache directly.
      set req.http.X-Varnish-NoCookie = "FALSE";
      set req.http.X-Varnish-CookieData = req.http.Cookie;
      return (pass);
    }
  }
 
  # Handle compression correctly. Different browsers send different
  # "Accept-Encoding" headers, even though they mostly all support the same
  # compression mechanisms. By consolidating these compression headers into
  # a consistent format, we can reduce the size of the cache and get more hits.
  # @see: http:// varnish.projects.linpro.no/wiki/FAQ/Compression
  if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
    if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
      # If the browser supports it, we'll use gzip.
      set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
    }
    else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
      # Next, try deflate if it is supported.
      set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
    }
    else {
      # Unknown algorithm. Remove it and send unencoded.
      unset req.http.Accept-Encoding;
    }
  }
 
  if (req.request != "GET" &&
    req.request != "HEAD" &&
    req.request != "PUT" &&
    req.request != "POST" &&
    req.request != "TRACE" &&
    req.request != "OPTIONS" &&
    req.request != "DELETE") {
      /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */
      return (pipe);
  }
  if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
      /* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */
      return (pass);
  }
  ## Unset Authorization header if it has the correct details...
  #if (req.http.Authorization == "Basic ") {
  #  unset req.http.Authorization;
  #}
  if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie) {
      /* Not cacheable by default */
      return (pass);
  }
 
  return (lookup);
}
 
 
sub vcl_pipe {
    # Note that only the first request to the backend will have
    # X-Forwarded-For set.  If you use X-Forwarded-For and want to
    # have it set for all requests, make sure to have:
    set bereq.http.connection = "close";
    # here.  It is not set by default as it might break some broken web
    # applications, like IIS with NTLM authentication.
}
 
# Routine used to determine the cache key if storing/retrieving a cached page.
sub vcl_hash {
  if (req.http.X-Forwarded-Proto == "https") {
    hash_data(req.http.X-Forwarded-Proto);
  }
}
 
sub vcl_hit {
  if (req.request == "PURGE") {
    purge;
    error 200 "Purged.";
  }
}
 
sub vcl_miss {
  if (req.request == "PURGE") {
    purge;
    error 200 "Purged.";
  }
}
 
# Code determining what to do when serving items from the Apache servers.
sub vcl_fetch {
  set beresp.http.X-Varnish-CookieData = beresp.http.set-cookie;
  # Don't allow static files to set cookies.
  if (req.url ~ "(?i).(png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js)(?[a-z0-9]+)?$") {
    # beresp == Back-end response from the web server.
    unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
  }
  else if (beresp.http.Cache-Control) {
    unset beresp.http.Expires;
  }
 
  if (beresp.status == 301) {
    set beresp.ttl = 1h;
    return(deliver);
  }
 
  ## Doesn't seem to work as expected
  #if (beresp.status == 500) {
  #  set beresp.saintmode = 10s;
  #  return(restart);
  #}
 
  # Allow items to be stale if needed.
  set beresp.grace = 1h;
}
 
# Set a header to track a cache HIT/MISS.
sub vcl_deliver {
  if (obj.hits > 0) {
    set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "HIT";
  }
  else {
    set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "MISS";
  }
}
 
# In the event of an error, show friendlier messages.
sub vcl_error {
     set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
     set obj.http.Retry-After = "5";
     synthetic {"

  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

  
     "} + obj.status + " " + obj.response + {"
  
  
    

Error "} + obj.status + " " + obj.response + {"


    

"} + obj.response + {"


    

Guru Meditation:


    

XID: "} + req.xid + {"


    

    

Varnish cache server


  

"};
     return (deliver);
}



配置完成之后，启动Varnish。

测试效果

打开浏览器，输入druapl7的地址，先看Drupal7是否正常，然后加上端口号。
比如我们的测试地址是：http://drupal7.111com.net
那么再用浏览器打开varnish的地址，如下：http://drupal7.111com.net:6081/

测试结果，两边都正常就表示drupal和varnish都工作正常。
让Varnish缓存Drupal页面

用Firebug查看varnish的请求，如果看到http头里面有X-Varnish的标记表示varnish已经起作用，这时候我们要判断varnish是否缓存了页面。
如何判断：X-Varnish后面有一个数字，表示不是缓存，X-Varnish后面有两个数字，表示缓存成功。

到这里，我们会发现所有的varnish都没有缓存命中，那么问题来了。。。（挖掘机不会出现）
如何让varnish缓存起作用：

// Tell Drupal it's behind a proxy.
$conf['reverse_proxy'] = TRUE;
 
// Tell Drupal what addresses the proxy server(s) use.
$conf['reverse_proxy_addresses'] = array('127.0.0.1');
 
// Bypass Drupal bootstrap for anonymous users so that Drupal sets max-age < 0.
$conf['page_cache_invoke_hooks'] = FALSE;
 
// Make sure that page cache is enabled.
$conf['cache'] = 1;
$conf['cache_lifetime'] = 0;
$conf['page_cache_maximum_age'] = 21600;

给Drupal的settings.php添加如下内容，然后刷新浏览器，即可看到X-Varnish的数字变成了两个（多刷几次）。

至此，Varnish已经完全可以缓存Drupal的页面了。如下图所示：

Drupal X-varnish

那么，Drupal的Varnish模块是做什么用的？

简单来说，Varnish就是通过Drupal的缓存接口，清除varnish的缓存，比如页面过期。
此外，通过Expire模块，可以精确的控制那些页面，过期时间都可以控制，比较方便。

配置Drupal.org的Varnish模块

启用Varnish模块，阅读一下varnish模块的官方说明: https://www.drupal.org/project/varnish
主要是给Drupal的settings.php添加如下两行：

// Add Varnish as the page cache handler.
$conf['cache_backends'] = array('sites/all/modules/varnish/varnish.cache.inc');
$conf['cache_class_cache_page'] = 'VarnishCache';

然后到Drupal设置页面，路径如下: admin/config/development/varnish

例如：
Varnish Control Terminal: 127.0.0.1:6082
Varnish Control Key： 86b2d660-9768-4a13-ab90-4b0736d6a4d1
点击保存，status就会变为绿色。
（注意：Control Key的值在/etc/varnish/secret 文件里面，复制内容即可）

设置完成，那么清空一下Drupal的缓存，就会发现Varnish里面的缓存值就会刷新，实现了即时清空缓存的目的。

+++++到此完成++++++++（更多问题到drupal大学：http://drupal001.net提问哦！）+++++

哦哦，还有一种情况，就是Varnish安装再另外一台服务器上，因为Varnish控制后台默认监听的是本机，因此，如果要刷新另一台反向代理服务器的缓存，就必须修改配置。可选的方法有两个，

其一，让Varnish的管理后台地址使用内网的IP（比如192.168.1.x），一般这种架构都是内网集群，因此监听内网也是比较合理的。
其二，本机使用autossh，把本机的端口6082映射到内网机器上面。

$ autossh -fN  -L 6082:localhost:6082

完成

至此，Drupal7 + Varnish的配置已经完成，Drupal和varnish也完全集成。Varnish的缓存总得来说速度大于其他缓存，所以可以代替Boost缓存。
如果要使用Varnish缓存动态内容，还有更多的内容要做，本文就不再增加大家的阅读量了（^_^）。

+++++++++++++++++++++++

最后，顺便多嘴，说一下Apache的RPAF Module。

Varnish默认使用 X-Forwarded-For作为远程IP的地址信息，但是这个不是一个标准的协议，有时候我们还是用PHP里面的 $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']来获得IP。
Apache有一个模块，RPAF的配置文件 rpaf.conf如下，即可获设置正确的IP地址。（具体安装就不多说）

RPAFenable On
RPAFsethostname  On
RPAFproxy_ips    127.0.0.1 192.168. 10.0.0.
RPAFheader       X-Forwarded-For

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