oracle数据库错误ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file导致表空间无法online
作者：袖梨
2022-06-29
朋友和我聊到一个案例,一个表空间本来有一个数据文件(已经有大量数据进入),然后他加入7个数据文件,这个时候他发现他加多了文件,想删除这些数据文件,可是又不怎么懂数据库,直接offline 表空间,然后rm掉相关数据文件,最后表空间无法online.我对其场景进行了模拟恢复测试,使用bbed和dul对其进行恢复
模拟场景
表空间有一个数据文件,里面有数据,然后加入一个新数据文件,进入offline tbs,然后rm数据文件
offline表空间后,该表空间存在的数据文件也会offline
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile 2 '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei01.dbf' size 10M autoextend on next 16M; Tablespace created. SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei01 tablespace xifenfei 2 as select * from dba_objects; Table created. SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei02 tablespace xifenfei 2 as select * from dba_tables; Table created. SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI01; COUNT(*) ---------- 30758 SQL> C/01/02 1* SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI02 SQL> / COUNT(*) ---------- 865 SQL> select tablespace_name,segment_name from dba_segments 2 where segment_name like 'T_XIFENFEI%'; TABLESPACE_NAME SEGMENT_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------- XIFENFEI T_XIFENFEI01 XIFENFEI T_XIFENFEI02 SQL> ALTER tablespace xifenfei add datafile 2 '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf' size 16m; Tablespace altered. SQL> alter tablespace xifenfei offline; Tablespace altered. SQL> select file#,status$ from file$; FILE# STATUS$ ---------- ---------- 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 12 rows selected. SQL> set pages 1000 SQL> / FILE# STATUS$ ---------- ---------- 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 12 rows selected. SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile; FILE# STATUS ---------- ------- 1 SYSTEM 2 ONLINE 3 ONLINE 4 ONLINE 5 ONLINE 6 ONLINE 7 ONLINE 8 ONLINE 9 ONLINE 10 ONLINE 11 OFFLINE 12 OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile_header; FILE# STATUS ---------- ------- 1 ONLINE 2 ONLINE 3 ONLINE 4 ONLINE 5 ONLINE 6 ONLINE 7 ONLINE 8 ONLINE 9 ONLINE 10 ONLINE 11 OFFLINE 12 OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces; TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ --------- SYSTEM ONLINE UNDOTBS1 ONLINE TEMP ONLINE CWMLITE ONLINE DRSYS ONLINE EXAMPLE ONLINE INDX ONLINE ODM ONLINE TOOLS ONLINE USERS ONLINE XDB ONLINE XIFENFEI OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select ts#,name,online$ from ts$; TS# NAME ONLINE$ ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 0 SYSTEM 1 1 UNDOTBS1 1 2 TEMP 1 3 CWMLITE 1 4 DRSYS 1 5 EXAMPLE 1 6 INDX 1 7 ODM 1 8 TOOLS 1 9 USERS 1 10 XDB 1 11 UNDOTBS2 3 12 XIFENFEI 2 13 rows selected. SQL> col name for a50 SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile; FILE# NAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/system01.dbf 2 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/undotbs01.dbf 3 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/cwmlite01.dbf 4 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/drsys01.dbf 5 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/example01.dbf 6 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/indx01.dbf 7 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/odm01.dbf 8 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/tools01.dbf 9 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/users01.dbf 10 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/xdb01.dbf 11 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei01.dbf 12 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf 12 rows selected. SQL> !rm /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf SQL> !ls -l /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei* -rw-r----- 1 ora9i oinstall 10493952 Dec 25 20:19 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei01.dbf SQL> alter tablespace xifenfei online; alter tablespace xifenfei online * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 12 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 12: '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf' | |
这里已经构造出来,由于由于数据文件丢失导致表空间online报ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file的错误
online存在数据文件
存在的数据文件online之后，表空间依然offline
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| SQL> alter database datafile 11 online; Database altered. SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile_header; FILE# STATUS ---------- ------- 1 ONLINE 2 ONLINE 3 ONLINE 4 ONLINE 5 ONLINE 6 ONLINE 7 ONLINE 8 ONLINE 9 ONLINE 10 ONLINE 11 ONLINE 12 OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select file#,status from v$datafile; FILE# STATUS ---------- ------- 1 SYSTEM 2 ONLINE 3 ONLINE 4 ONLINE 5 ONLINE 6 ONLINE 7 ONLINE 8 ONLINE 9 ONLINE 10 ONLINE 11 ONLINE 12 OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces; TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ --------- SYSTEM ONLINE UNDOTBS1 ONLINE TEMP ONLINE CWMLITE ONLINE DRSYS ONLINE EXAMPLE ONLINE INDX ONLINE ODM ONLINE TOOLS ONLINE USERS ONLINE XDB ONLINE XIFENFEI OFFLINE 12 rows selected. SQL> select ts#,name,online$ from ts$; TS# NAME ONLINE$ ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- 0 SYSTEM 1 1 UNDOTBS1 1 2 TEMP 1 3 CWMLITE 1 4 DRSYS 1 5 EXAMPLE 1 6 INDX 1 7 ODM 1 8 TOOLS 1 9 USERS 1 10 XDB 1 11 UNDOTBS2 3 12 XIFENFEI 2 13 rows selected. SQL> create table chf.t_1 tablespace xifenfei 2 as select * from dual; as select * from dual * ERROR at line 2: ORA-01542: tablespace 'XIFENFEI' is offline, cannot allocate space in it | |
由于表空间无法online,因此对该表空间分配报ORA-01542错误
使用bbed构造数据文件欺骗数据库
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| [ora9i@xifenfei tmp]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf > bs=8192 count=2049 2049+0 records in 2049+0 records out BBED> copy file 11 block 1 to file 12 block 1 File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0b020000 0100c002 00000000 00000104 1deb0000 00002009 00000008 329bf29e 4f524139 49000000 11010000 00050000 00200000 0b000300 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> set count 32 COUNT 32 BBED> m /x 0c Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 280 to 311 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0c000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 0c File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 83 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0c000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 12, Block 1: current = 0xad21, required = 0xad21 SQL> alter tablespace xifenfei online; alter tablespace xifenfei online * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 12: '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf' ORA-01251: Unknown File Header Version read for file number 12 SQL> !oerr ora 01251 01251, 00000, "Unknown File Header Version read for file number %s" // *Cause: Read of the file header returned a record but its version cannot // be identified. Either the header has been corrupted, or the file // is not a valid database file. // *Action: Have the operating system make the correct file available to // the database, or recover the file. BBED> m /x 01000003 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 36 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 01000003 00000000 00000104 21ad0000 00002009 00000008 329bf29e 4f524139 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 12, Block 1: current = 0xace1, required = 0xace1 SQL> alter tablespace xifenfei online; alter tablespace xifenfei online * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 12: '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf' ORA-01203: wrong incarnation of this file - wrong creation SCN BBED> m /x 613B0300 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 131 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 613b0300 00000000 f35bb133 f39bae33 b46c0200 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 12, Block 1: current = 0xa0c9, required = 0xa0c9 | |
--提示数据文件scn比控制文件新(由于正常数据文件online过)
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| SQL> alter tablespace xifenfei online; alter tablespace xifenfei online * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 12: '/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf' ORA-01207: file is more recent than controlfile - old controlfile SQL> set lines 160 SQL> col name for a50 SQL> select ts#,file#,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 status,enabled, 2 to_char(checkpoint_change#,'999999999999999') "SCN", 3 to_char(last_change#,'999999999999999')"STOP_SCN", 4 name from v$datafile; TS# FILE# STATUS ENABLED SCN STOP_SCN NAME ----- --- ---------- ---------- -------- ------------- --------------------------------------------- 0 1 .37109375 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/system01.dbf 1 2 .1953125 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/undotbs01.dbf 3 3 .01953125 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/cwmlite01.dbf 4 4 .01953125 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/drsys01.dbf 5 5 .145874023 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/example01.dbf 6 6 .024414063 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/indx01.dbf 7 7 .01953125 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/odm01.dbf 8 8 .009765625 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/tools01.dbf 9 9 .024414063 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/users01.dbf 10 10 .043945313 READ WRITE 198231 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/ora9i/xdb01.dbf 12 11 .009765625 DISABLED 228353 228353 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei01.dbf 12 12 0 DISABLED 213917 213917 /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf 12 rows selected. SQL> set pages 100 SQL> set linesize 150 SQL> select ts#,file#,TABLESPACE_NAME,status, 2 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') CREATE_TIME, 3 to_char(checkpoint_change#,'9999999999999999') "SCN", 4 to_char(RESETLOGS_CHANGE#,'9999999999999999') "RESETLOGS SCN",FUZZY from v$datafile_header; 5 TS# FILE# TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS CREATE_TIME SCN RESETLOGS SCN FUZ --- ----- ---------------- ------- ------------------- --------- ----------------- --- 0 1 SYSTEM ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:17:49 198231 158900 YES 1 2 UNDOTBS1 ONLINE 2004-03-10 20:30:20 198231 158900 YES 3 3 CWMLITE ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:10 198231 158900 YES 4 4 DRSYS ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:11 198231 158900 YES 5 5 EXAMPLE ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:12 198231 158900 YES 6 6 INDX ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:16 198231 158900 YES 7 7 ODM ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:17 198231 158900 YES 8 8 TOOLS ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:19 198231 158900 YES 9 9 USERS ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:19 198231 158900 YES 10 10 XDB ONLINE 2004-03-10 12:18:20 198231 158900 YES 12 11 XIFENFEI OFFLINE 2014-12-25 17:57:07 228353 158900 NO 0 12 OFFLINE 0 0 12 rows selected. BBED> m /x 9D430300 File: /u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf (12) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 171 Dba:0x03000001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9d430300 00000000 f670b133 01000000 02000000 fc4e0000 10000000 02000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> SUM APPLY Check value for File 12, Block 1: current = 0x9982, required = 0x9982 SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE XIFENFEI ONLINE; Tablespace altered. | |
在bbed的恢复过程中出现以下常见错误:
ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 12: ‘/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf’
ORA-01251: Unknown File Header Version read for file number 12
这个主要是块号和块地址不一匹配,导致数据库无法识别
ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 12: ‘/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf’
ORA-01203: wrong incarnation of this file – wrong creation SCN
这个由于数据文件头的创建scn和控制文件以及file$中的记录不一致
ORA-01122: database file 12 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 12: ‘/u01/oracle/ora9i/oradata/xifenfei02.dbf’
ORA-01207: file is more recent than controlfile – old controlfile
这个由于正常数据文件online过,或者你构造文件头使用的scn大于需要构造文件在控制文件中记录的scn值
后续处理
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI01; COUNT(*) ---------- 30758 SQL> C/01/02 1* SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI02 SQL> / COUNT(*) ---------- 865 SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 12 OFFLINE DROP; Database altered. | |
证明通过bbed,模拟数据文件,使用完美恢复数据内容
dul恢复
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE XIFENFEI OFFLINE; Tablespace altered. [ora9i@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.33 - Internal Only - on Thu Dec 25 21:18:54 2014 with 64-bit io functions Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved. Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only Within one week you will need a more recent DUL version for this os Found db_id = 2666699570 Found db_name = ORA9I DUL> bootstrap; Probing file = 1, block = 417 database version 9 bootstrap$ at file 1, block 377 . unloading table BOOTSTRAP$ DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow 57 rows unloaded DUL: Warning: Dictionary cache DC_BOOTSTRAP is empty Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded Parsing Bootstrap$ contents Generating dict.ddl for version 9 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1 block 25 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1 block 25 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1 block 89 Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables . unloading table OBJ$ 31490 rows unloaded . unloading table TAB$ 909 rows unloaded . unloading table COL$ 35582 rows unloaded . unloading table USER$ 63 rows unloaded Reading USER.dat 63 entries loaded Reading OBJ.dat 31490 entries loaded and sorted 31490 entries Reading TAB.dat 909 entries loaded Reading COL.dat 35582 entries loaded and sorted 35582 entries Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl" Generating dict.ddl for version 9 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 121 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1 block 25 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1 block 25 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1 block 89 TABPART$: segobjno 230, file 1 block 1657 INDPART$: segobjno 234, file 1 block 1689 TABCOMPART$: segobjno 249, file 1 block 1809 INDCOMPART$: segobjno 253, file 1 block 1841 TABSUBPART$: segobjno 240, file 1 block 1737 INDSUBPART$: segobjno 245, file 1 block 1777 IND$: segobjno 2, tabno 3, file 1 block 25 ICOL$: segobjno 2, tabno 4, file 1 block 25 LOB$: segobjno 2, tabno 6, file 1 block 25 COLTYPE$: segobjno 2, tabno 7, file 1 block 25 TYPE$: segobjno 296, tabno 1, file 1 block 2129 COLLECTION$: segobjno 296, tabno 2, file 1 block 2129 ATTRIBUTE$: segobjno 296, tabno 3, file 1 block 2129 LOBFRAG$: segobjno 258, file 1 block 1881 LOBCOMPPART$: segobjno 261, file 1 block 1905 UNDO$: segobjno 15, file 1 block 105 TS$: segobjno 6, tabno 2, file 1 block 57 PROPS$: segobjno 101, file 1 block 769 Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables . unloading table OBJ$ DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl" 31490 rows unloaded . unloading table TAB$ DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl" 909 rows unloaded . unloading table COL$ DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl" 35582 rows unloaded . unloading table USER$ DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl" 63 rows unloaded . unloading table TABPART$ 55 rows unloaded . unloading table INDPART$ 128 rows unloaded . unloading table TABCOMPART$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table INDCOMPART$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table TABSUBPART$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table INDSUBPART$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table IND$ 1396 rows unloaded . unloading table ICOL$ 1842 rows unloaded . unloading table LOB$ 427 rows unloaded . unloading table COLTYPE$ 1160 rows unloaded . unloading table TYPE$ 956 rows unloaded . unloading table COLLECTION$ 250 rows unloaded . unloading table ATTRIBUTE$ 3623 rows unloaded . unloading table LOBFRAG$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table LOBCOMPPART$ 0 rows unloaded . unloading table UNDO$ 21 rows unloaded . unloading table TS$ 13 rows unloaded . unloading table PROPS$ 25 rows unloaded Reading USER.dat 63 entries loaded Reading OBJ.dat 31490 entries loaded and sorted 31490 entries Reading TAB.dat 909 entries loaded Reading COL.dat 35582 entries loaded and sorted 35582 entries Reading TABPART.dat 55 entries loaded and sorted 55 entries Reading TABCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading TABSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading INDPART.dat 128 entries loaded and sorted 128 entries Reading INDCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading INDSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading IND.dat 1396 entries loaded Reading LOB.dat 427 entries loaded Reading ICOL.dat 1842 entries loaded Reading COLTYPE.dat 1160 entries loaded Reading TYPE.dat 956 entries loaded Reading ATTRIBUTE.dat 3623 entries loaded Reading COLLECTION.dat 250 entries loaded Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 57 entries loaded Reading LOBFRAG.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading LOBCOMPPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries Reading UNDO.dat 21 entries loaded Reading TS.dat 13 entries loaded Reading PROPS.dat 25 entries loaded Database character set is ZHS16GBK Database national character set is AL16UTF16 DUL> unload table chf.t_xifenfei01; . unloading table T_XIFENFEI01 30758 rows unloaded DUL> unload table chf.t_xifenfei02; . unloading table T_XIFENFEI02 865 rows unloaded DUL> | |
这里证明,在表空间不能online的情况下,dul处理类似故障很轻松(但是需要重建表空间,bbed处理的从原理上可以不重建表空间),当然如果涉及的对象很多,而丢失的文件很少,可能bbed也不失为一种很不错的选择.
另外补充:如果表空间丢失的文件包含数据,也可以通过类似bbed和dul方法处理:bbed 让表空间online之后需要考虑跳过丢失文件;dul处理完全相同
总结：
ORA-01157通常由后台进程DBWR锁定而产生。
如果在恢复期间，如数据库已经mount，而一个或多个数据文件不能打开导致数据库不能open时会出现该提示。
数据文件丢失，数据文件的许可问题，如数据文件oracle用户没有写权限等都会产生ORA-01157。
如果open状态的情形下，ORA-01157未列出的数据文件不会受到影响。
补充说明：
细心的朋友应该可能已经发现当时在检查对应的数据文件的时候，只检查了ASM磁盘是否存在对应的数据文件。
由于出错数据库为RAC，因此忽略了检查提示中的文件系统对应的数据文件。说来还是不够仔细，狂汗......
就其原因应该是这样，在使用swingbench时，创建soe表空间时直接一路next，导致将数据文件创建到了文件系统，而文件系统是非共享的。(RAC环境)
