oracle中rman备份集加密的方法
数据的安全越来越重要,不是说你的生产库安全，你的数据就一定安全了，rman备份也是泄露数据的一个重要地方,如果别人拿到了你的备份集,一样等同入侵了你的生产库。为了rman备份的安全，最简单方式就是使用set encryption方式在rman备份过程中设置密码,需要版本为10.2及其以后企业版版,另外如果需要备份到带库只能使用oracle自己的osb(Oracle Secure Backup),注意rman只有backupset可以加密,copy无法进行加密
数据库版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
compatible string 11.2.0.4.0
支持rman加密算法
SQL> select ALGORITHM_NAME
2 from V$RMAN_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHMS;
ALGORITHM_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
AES128
AES192
AES256
调整加密算法
RMAN> show ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
创建新测试数据文件
我们这里测试的是对新创建的5号文件进行加密备份和还原
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> create tablespace rman_xifenfei datafile
2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf' size 100M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei tablespace rman_xifenfei
2 as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
COUNT(*)
----------
86721
rman加密备份
RMAN> set encryption on identified by 'www.111com.net' only;
executing command: SET encryption
RMAN> backup datafile 5;
Starting backup at 28-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=5 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 28-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 28-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 28-JAN-15
准备恢复测试
RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 offline';
sql statement: alter database datafile 5 offline
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf: No such file or directory
rman恢复测试
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 28 23:02:24 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1378620768)
RMAN> list backup of datafile 5;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 10.94M DISK 00:00:01 28-JAN-15
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20150128T230115
Piece Name: /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 54057180 28-JAN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
--未输入密码
RMAN> restore datafile 5;
Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=492 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:02:52
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
--设置错误密码
RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.orasos.com';
executing command: SET decryption
RMAN> restore datafile 5;
Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:03:31
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup
ORA-28365: wallet is not open
--设置正确密码
RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.111com.net';
executing command: SET decryption
RMAN> restore datafile 5;
Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 28-JAN-15
验证数据还原
RMAN> recover datafile 5;
Starting recover at 28-JAN-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=7 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 28-JAN-15
RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 online';
sql statement: alter database datafile 5 online
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 28 23:05:55 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
COUNT(*)
----------
86721
至此我们可以看到,最简单的rman加密备份和加密恢复测试完成,在使用set encryption加密后,如果不输入或者错误的输入密码无法使用备份集,从而确保了备份集的安全.
