mongodb数据库数据导入导出备份教程

作者:袖梨 2022-06-29

windows下面mongodb数据库备份和恢复

我可以讲数据备份到c:datadump目录下面,首先创建这个路径。然后进入到mongodb的bin目录下面

我的是:

C:Program Filesmongodbbin

备份脚本是:

//备份
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d test -o c:datadump

恢复脚本是:

//恢复
 mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d test --directoryperdb  c:datadumptest

解释一下用到的命令

-h:MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d:需要恢复的数据库实例,例如:test,当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样,比如test2
-o:备份的数据存放位置,例如:c:datadump,当然该目录需要提前建立,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。
--directoryperdb:备份数据所在位置,例如:c:datadumptest,这里为什么要多加一个test,而不是备份时候的dump,读者自己查看提示吧!
--drop:恢复的时候,先删除当前数据,然后恢复备份的数据。就是说,恢复后,备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除,慎用哦!

原始解释:

  -v [ --verbose ]                      be more verbose (include multiple times
                                        for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
  --version                             print the program's version and exit
  -h [ --host ] arg                     mongo host to connect to (                                         name>/s1,s2 for sets)
  --port arg                            server port. Can also use --host
                                        hostname:port
  --ipv6                                enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                        default)
  -u [ --username ] arg                 username
  -p [ --password ] arg                 password
  --authenticationDatabase arg          user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                        authentication mechanism
  --dbpath arg                          directly access mongod database files
                                        in the given path, instead of
                                        connecting to a mongod  server - needs
                                        to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                        be used if a mongod is currently
                                        accessing the same path
  --directoryperdb                      each db is in a separate directly
                                        (relevant only if dbpath specified)
  --journal                             enable journaling (relevant only if
                                        dbpath specified)
  -d [ --db ] arg                       database to use
  -c [ --collection ] arg               collection to use (some commands)
  --objcheck                            validate object before inserting
                                        (default)
  --noobjcheck                          don't validate object before inserting
  --filter arg                          filter to apply before inserting
  --drop                                drop each collection before import
  --oplogReplay                         replay oplog for point-in-time restore
  --oplogLimit arg                      include oplog entries before the
                                        provided Timestamp (seconds[:ordinal])
                                        during the oplog replay; the ordinal
                                        value is optional
  --keepIndexVersion                    don't upgrade indexes to newest version
  --noOptionsRestore                    don't restore collection options
  --noIndexRestore                      don't restore indexes
  --w arg (=0)                          minimum number of replicas per write

linux下面mongodb数据库备份和恢复

linux下面我们可以创建一个自动备份脚本,可以设置定时任务,也可以手动备份。我是手动备份的。

首先创建一个sh命令,我是放在home下面的。

vim /home/mongoBeiFen.sh

输入如下内容:

#!/bin/bash
shijie=`date +%Y%m%d%H`
backmongodbFile=mongodb$shijie.tar.gz
cd /home/mongoDbback/
/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u mongo -p 123456  -d my_mongodb -o my_mongodb_dump/
tar czf $backmongodbFile  my_mongodb_dump/
rm my_mongodb_dump -rf

解释:

存放备份的文件夹是/home/mongoDbback/

-u是数据库名用户名 -p是密码 -d是数据库名 具体和window差不多,大家可以看下上面windows的解释。

备份的时候只要运行一下

./mongoBeiFen.sh  
就可以了。

数据库恢复:

/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongorestore -d my_mongodb my_mongodb_dump/my_mongodb/*            指向每个文件
/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -- drop --directoryperdb  my_mongodb_dump/my_mongodb 指向一个目录
有问题的话可以尝试window的写法:

  /usr/local/mongo/bin/mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -d test --drop  --directoryperdb  my_mongodb_dump/my_mongodb

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